Sim. dpkg
registra as entradas dos pacotes instalados no sistema. O arquivo que ele mantém é /var/lib/dpkg/status
.
Em man dpkg
/var/lib/dpkg/status
Statuses of available packages. This file contains information
about whether a package is marked for removing or not, whether
it is installed or not, etc. See section INFORMATION ABOUT
PACKAGES for more info.
The status file is backed up daily in /var/backups. It can be
useful if it's lost or corrupted due to filesystems troubles.