Eu só faço o ubuntu 14.04. Mas eu não encontrei nenhum problema de saída de áudio sobre as permissões dadas para / dev / snd e os arquivos lá. Nos meus sistemas, os arquivos têm permissões para o usuário raiz e grupo de áudio.
Não há permissões mundiais, portanto, um usuário deve pertencer ao grupo de áudio para ter permissão.
ls -l /dev/snd to see permissions. .....@xen2[2145]ls -l /dev/snd total 0 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 80 Mar 22 17:42 by-path crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 2 Mar 22 17:42 controlC0 crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 7 Mar 22 17:42 controlC1 crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 6 Mar 22 17:42 hwC0D0 crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 10 Mar 22 17:42 hwC1D0 crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 4 Mar 22 17:44 pcmC0D0c crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 3 Mar 22 18:56 pcmC0D0p crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 5 Mar 22 17:42 pcmC0D2c crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 8 Mar 22 17:44 pcmC1D3p crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 9 Mar 22 17:44 pcmC1D7p crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 1 Mar 22 17:42 seq crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 33 Mar 22 17:42 timer If your /dev/snd files have the same permissions grep audio /etc/group and see if you are in that group. I added my username to group audio with sudo usermod -a -G audio "myusername" do not quote " your user name. I use fvwm as a window manager and start gnome stuff in an xterm. Or Gnome-Terminial. my quick test of sound gnome-control-center sound see if the sound effect output. No then do it with sudo gnome-control-center sound and see if sound effects work. if it works for sudo or root and not for you then it is permissions. I just installed 14.04 on my laptop using amd64 desktop iso on a usb. but default it install unity. Sound did work out of the box. But there are not the gnome-control-center sound utility. so I sudo apt-get gnome It installed lots of gnome utils .... also it asked me to choose a window manager ligntdm or gdm. I came with lightdm highlighted and I left it. I will be installing xdm and then I will use it. I suspect xdm is more generic than gdm or lightdm. Then I ran sudo gnome-control-center sound and under Sound Effects there was only the Default and it audio clicked as I tapped it with the mouse.