Eu tive o mesmo problema após uma atualização do kernel. O que funcionou para mim foi:
sudo modprobe -r btusb && sudo modprobe btusb
que basicamente descarrega e carrega o driver.
Eu usei o Ubuntu 14.04 e o Bluetooth estava funcionando, mas não consegui encontrar nenhum dispositivo Bluetooth, mas achei que fosse da versão. Ontem eu atualizei para 15.10 mas nada mudou. Então eu procurei na net e tentei alguns comandos e quando reiniciei o meu ícone Bluetooth foi embora e quando eu tento iniciá-lo, diz "Bluetooth desativado". Erro Você pode por favor me dizer o que fazer?
lspci -knn | grep Net -A2
06:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM43142 802.11b/g/n [14e4:4365] (rev 01)
Subsystem: Dell Wireless 1704 802.11n + BT 4.0 [1028:0016]
Kernel driver in use: wl
lsusb
Bus 003 Device 006: ID 0bda:0129 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTS5129 Card Reader Controller
Bus 003 Device 005: ID 0a5c:21d7 Broadcom Corp. BCM43142 Bluetooth 4.0
Bus 003 Device 004: ID 1bcf:2b8b Sunplus Innovation Technology Inc.
Bus 003 Device 003: ID 0e8f:00fb GreenAsia Inc.
Bus 003 Device 002: ID 8087:8001 Intel Corp.
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Eu corri
$dmesg | grep -i blue
e ele disse que não há arquivo BCM.hcd então eu fiz uma cópia do meu outro .hcd e mudei o nome para BCM.hcd e agora eu recebo
$dmesg | grep -i blue
[ 8.716681] Bluetooth: Core ver 2.20
[ 8.716698] Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized
[ 8.716702] Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized
[ 8.716704] Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized
[ 8.716709] Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized
[ 10.825455] Bluetooth: hci0 command 0x1001 tx timeout
[ 18.818540] Bluetooth: hci0: BCM: Reading local version info failed (-110)
[ 20.825861] Bluetooth: hci0 command 0x1001 tx timeout
[ 28.819011] Bluetooth: hci0: BCM: Reading local version info failed (-110)
[ 28.838168] Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3
[ 28.838172] Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast
[ 28.838176] Bluetooth: BNEP socket layer initialized
$ ls -l /lib/firmware/brcm
total 9740
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 28842 Oct 23 20:59 BCM43142A0-0a5c-21d7.hcd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 269595 Nov 24 2014 bcm4329-fullmac-4.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 96224 Dec 1 2014 bcm43xx-0.fw
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 180 Dec 1 2014 bcm43xx_hdr-0.fw
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 28842 Oct 23 20:59 BCM.hcd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 397312 Dec 1 2014 brcmfmac43143.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 385067 Oct 5 19:15 brcmfmac43143-sdio.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 348160 Nov 24 2014 brcmfmac43236b.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 455745 Dec 1 2014 brcmfmac43241b0-sdio.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 403855 Dec 1 2014 brcmfmac43241b4-sdio.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 408682 Oct 5 19:15 brcmfmac43241b5-sdio.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 479232 Sep 24 16:20 brcmfmac43242a.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 253748 Dec 1 2014 brcmfmac4329-sdio.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 222126 Dec 1 2014 brcmfmac4330-sdio.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 397378 Oct 5 19:15 brcmfmac43340-sdio.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 451566 Dec 1 2014 brcmfmac4334-sdio.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 569291 Dec 1 2014 brcmfmac4335-sdio.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 219557 Dec 1 2014 brcmfmac43362-sdio.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 493599 Sep 24 16:20 brcmfmac4339-sdio.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 488193 Oct 5 19:15 brcmfmac43455-sdio.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 591837 Oct 5 19:15 brcmfmac4354-sdio.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 557056 Sep 24 16:20 brcmfmac43569.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 593956 Oct 5 19:15 brcmfmac4356-pcie.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 550333 Sep 24 16:20 brcmfmac43570-pcie.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 595472 Oct 5 19:24 brcmfmac43602-pcie.ap.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 634267 Oct 5 19:24 brcmfmac43602-pcie.bin
Depois que eu removi os arquivos antigos e colei o novo eu recebo
$ dmesg | grep -i blue
[ 8.772021] Bluetooth: Core ver 2.20
[ 8.772038] Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized
[ 8.772042] Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized
[ 8.772044] Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized
[ 8.772052] Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized
[ 10.935401] Bluetooth: hci0 command 0x1001 tx timeout
[ 18.928513] Bluetooth: hci0: BCM: Reading local version info failed (-110)
[ 18.935776] Bluetooth: hci0: BCM: chip id 70
[ 18.935780] Bluetooth: hci0: BCM (001.001.011) build 0000
[ 19.023124] bluetooth hci0: Direct firmware load for brcm/BCM.hcd failed with error -2
[ 19.023130] Bluetooth: hci0: BCM: Patch brcm/BCM.hcd not found
[ 19.968603] Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3
[ 19.968606] Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast
[ 19.968611] Bluetooth: BNEP socket layer initialized
Eu tive o mesmo problema após uma atualização do kernel. O que funcionou para mim foi:
sudo modprobe -r btusb && sudo modprobe btusb
que basicamente descarrega e carrega o driver.