jubil@junel:~$ sudo apt-get update
E: Type 'by' is not known on line 4 in source list /etc/apt/sources.list
E: Type 'nano' is not known on line 1 in source list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/some-ppa.list
E: The list of sources could not be read.
jubil@junel:~$ cat -n /etc/apt/sources.list
1. # deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS _Trusty Tahr_ - Release amd64
2 # (20160803)]/ trusty main restricted
3 deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main restricted #Added
4 by software-properties
5
6 # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade
7 # to newer versions of the distribution.
8 deb http://ph.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted deb-src
9 http://ph.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe
10 multiverse #Added by software-properties
11
12 ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
13 ## distribution.
14 deb http://ph.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted
15 deb-src http://ph.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main
16 restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties
17
18 ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the
19 ## Ubuntu team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT
20 ## receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
21 deb http://ph.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty universe deb
22 http://ph.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe
23
24 ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the
25 ## Ubuntu team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy
26 ## yourself as to your rights to use the software. Also, please note
27 ## that software in multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates
28 ## from the Ubuntu security team.
29
30 deb http://ph.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty multiverse deb
31 http://ph.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse
32
33
34 ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
35 ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it
36 ## includes newer versions of some applications which may provide useful
37 ## features. Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT
38 ## receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
39 deb http://ph.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main
40 restricted universe multiverse deb-src
41 http://ph.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted
42 universe multiverse #Added by software-properties
43
44 deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main restricted
45 deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main
46 restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties deb
47 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security universe deb
48 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security multiverse
49
50 ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
51 ## 'partner' repository. This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is
52 ## offered by Canonical and the respective vendors as a service to
53 ## Ubuntu users.
54 deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner deb-src
55 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner
56
57 ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party
58 ## developers who want to ship their latest software.
59 deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main deb-src
60 http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main
61
62
63
jubil@junel:~$ cat -n /etc/apt/sources.list.d/some-ppa.list
1.
2
jubil@junel:~$
jubil@junel:~$ sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/some-ppa.list
[sudo] password for jubil:
jubil@junel:~$ sudo apt-get update
E: Type 'by' is not known on line 4 in source list /etc/apt/sources.list
E: The list of sources could not be read.
jubil@junel:~$
Executar
sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/some-ppa.list
e o problema deve ser corrigido.
Você adicionou alguma porcaria a esse arquivo.
Além disso, você tem outra porcaria no seu /etc/apt/sources.list .
Sugiro criar uma lista padrão do zero. Executar
sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list
Em seguida, vá para Configurações do sistema - > Software & Atualizações e verifique todas as fontes na primeira guia.
Isso irá recriar o sources.list .