Eu corrigi-lo com o Rescatux .
Ainda tenho:
umpirsky@umpirsky:~$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 640.1 GB, 640133946880 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 77825 cylinders, total 1250261615 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x3dcf5202
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 63 62926604 31463271 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda2 62926666 1250260991 593667163 f W95 Ext'd (LBA)
/dev/sda5 62926668 692080199 314576766 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda6 1242259456 1250260991 4000768 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda7 692080640 1240164351 274041856 83 Linux
/dev/sda8 1240166400 1242257407 1045504 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Partition table entries are not in disk order
Disk /dev/sdb: 163.9 GB, 163927522816 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19929 cylinders, total 320170943 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
Mas tudo funciona como antes.