Se tivermos uma estrutura de diretórios com dois níveis e não houver arquivos no primeiro nível:
$ tree /tmp/rec
/tmp/rec
├── 101
│ ├── 101-27022018-01:00:09-M00.wav
│ └── 101-27022018-01:00:09-M01.wav
├── 102
│ ├── 101-27022018-01:00:09-M00.wav
│ └── 101-27022018-01:00:09-M01.wav
└── 103
├── 101-27022018-01:00:09-M00.wav
└── 101-27022018-01:00:09-M01.wav
$ rename -n 's/27022018-01/27022018-08/' /tmp/rec/*/*.wav
rename(/tmp/rec/101/101-27022018-01:00:09-M00.wav, /tmp/rec/101/101-27022018-08:00:09-M00.wav)
rename(/tmp/rec/101/101-27022018-01:00:09-M01.wav, /tmp/rec/101/101-27022018-08:00:09-M01.wav)
rename(/tmp/rec/102/101-27022018-01:00:09-M00.wav, /tmp/rec/102/101-27022018-08:00:09-M00.wav)
rename(/tmp/rec/102/101-27022018-01:00:09-M01.wav, /tmp/rec/102/101-27022018-08:00:09-M01.wav)
rename(/tmp/rec/103/101-27022018-01:00:09-M00.wav, /tmp/rec/103/101-27022018-08:00:09-M00.wav)
rename(/tmp/rec/103/101-27022018-01:00:09-M01.wav, /tmp/rec/103/101-27022018-08:00:09-M01.wav)
Quando a estrutura de diretórios é mais complexa, podemos usar a opção bash globstar :
$ tree /tmp/rec
/tmp/rec
├── 101
│ ├── 00
│ │ └── 101-27022018-01:00:09-M00.wav
│ ├── 01
│ │ └── 101-27022018-01:00:09-M00.wav
│ ├── 101-27022018-01:00:09-M00.wav
│ └── 101-27022018-01:00:09-M01.wav
├── 102
│ ├── 00
│ │ └── 101-27022018-01:00:09-M00.wav
│ ├── 01
│ │ └── 101-27022018-01:00:09-M00.wav
│ ├── 101-27022018-01:00:09-M00.wav
│ └── 101-27022018-01:00:09-M01.wav
└── 103
├── 00
│ └── 101-27022018-01:00:09-M00.wav
├── 01
│ └── 101-27022018-01:00:09-M00.wav
├── 101-27022018-01:00:09-M00.wav
└── 101-27022018-01:00:09-M01.wav
9 directories, 12 files
$ shopt -s globstar
$ rename -v 's/27022018-01/27022018-08/' /tmp/rec/**/*.wav
/tmp/rec/101/00/101-27022018-01:00:09-M00.wav renamed as /tmp/rec/101/00/101-27022018-08:00:09-M00.wav
/tmp/rec/101/01/101-27022018-01:00:09-M00.wav renamed as /tmp/rec/101/01/101-27022018-08:00:09-M00.wav
/tmp/rec/101/101-27022018-01:00:09-M00.wav renamed as /tmp/rec/101/101-27022018-08:00:09-M00.wav
/tmp/rec/101/101-27022018-01:00:09-M01.wav renamed as /tmp/rec/101/101-27022018-08:00:09-M01.wav
...
Referências: