Solução encontrada
o carregador de inicialização refind contém as opções do kernel
então nós editamos o /boot/refind_linux.conf
"Boot with standard options" "ro root=/dev/mmcblk1p2 quiet splash resume=/dev/sda1"
"Boot to single-user mode" "ro root=/dev/mmcblk1p2 quiet splash single"
"Boot with minimal options" "ro root=/dev/mmcblk1p2"
e funciona
cat /proc/cmdline
\boot\vmlinuz-4.13.0-16-generic.efi.signed ro root=/dev/mmcblk1p2 quiet splash resume=/dev/sda1 initrd=boot\initrd.img-4.13.0-16-generic