Eu recentemente fiz algumas instalações de bibliotecas manualmente um deles é
$ sudo dpkg -i libstdc++6_4.8.2-19ubuntu1_amd64.deb
dpkg: warning: downgrading libstdc++6:amd64 from 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.4 to 4.8.2-19ubuntu1
(Reading database ... 268816 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack libstdc++6_4.8.2-19ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libstdc++6:amd64 (4.8.2-19ubuntu1) over (5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.4) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libstdc++6:amd64:
libstdc++6:amd64 depends on gcc-4.8-base (= 4.8.2-19ubuntu1); however:
Package gcc-4.8-base is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package libstdc++6:amd64 (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu7) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
libstdc++6:amd64
Depois disso sempre que eu tento qualquer comando com apt me dá o seguinte erro
$ sudo apt update
apt: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6: version 'GLIBCXX_3.4.20' not found (required by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libapt-pkg.so.5.0)
apt: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6: version 'CXXABI_1.3.8' not found (required by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libapt-pkg.so.5.0)
apt: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6: version 'GLIBCXX_3.4.21' not found (required by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libapt-pkg.so.5.0)
apt: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6: version 'GLIBCXX_3.4.20' not found (required by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libapt-private.so.0.0)
apt: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6: version 'GLIBCXX_3.4.21' not found (required by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libapt-private.so.0.0)