Como executar o script bash automaticamente em intervalos específicos?

Question

Eu quero que meu código seja executado automaticamente. Como fazer isso? Alguém pode me ajudar por favor? Como posso construir scheduler no bash aqui é o meu código:

checkstatus()
 {
  opt_checkstatus=1
 while [ $opt_checkstatus != 7 ]
      do
       clear
  #echo -e "\nChoose the Option Bellow!!!\n
  echo -e "\n\t*****Note: Save your Iptables before stop/Restart the iptables Services*****\n"
  echo -e "   1. Save the iptables\n
   2. Status of Iptables\n
   3. Start iptables Services\n
   4. Stop iptables Services\n
   5. Restart iptable Services\n
   6. Flush iptables (**Use Carefully_it will remove all the rules from iptables**)\n
   7. Go back to Main Menu"
  read opt_checkstatus
  case $opt_checkstatus in
   1) echo -e "*******************************************************\n" 
               /etc/init.d/iptables save 
      echo -e "\n*******************************************************\n"
    echo -e "Press Enter key to Continue..."
    read temp;;
   2) echo -e "*******************************************************\n"
               /etc/init.d/iptables status 
      echo -e "*******************************************************"
                                echo -e "Press Enter key to Continue..."
                                     read temp;;
   3) echo -e "*******************************************************\n"  
               /etc/init.d/iptables start 
      echo -e "*******************************************************\n"
                                 echo -e "Press Enter key to Continue..."
                                       read temp;;

   4) echo -e "*******************************************************\n"
               /etc/init.d/iptables stop
      echo -e "*******************************************************\n"
                                echo -e "Press Enter key to Continue..."
                                     read temp;;

             5) echo -e "*******************************************************\n"
                      /etc/init.d/iptables restart 
      echo -e "*******************************************************\n"
                                echo -e "Press Enter key to Continue..."
                                     read temp;;
   6) iptables -F 
   echo -e "*******************************************************"
   echo -e "All the Rules from the Iptables are Flushed!!!"
   echo -e "*******************************************************\n"
                                echo -e "Press Enter key to Continue..."
                                 read temp;;
   7) main;;
   *) echo -e "Wrong Option Selected!!!"
  esac
 done
 }
###############################BUILD FIREWALL PROGRAM BEGINS FROM HERE############################### 
buildfirewall()
 {
  ###############Getting the Chain############
  echo -e "Using Which Chain of Filter Table?\n
  1. INPUT
  2. OUTPUT
  3. Forward"
  read opt_ch
  case $opt_ch in
   1) chain="INPUT" ;;
   2) chain="OUTPUT" ;;
   3) chain="FORWARD" ;;
   *) echo -e "Wrong Option Selected!!!"
  esac

  #########Getting Source IP Address##########
  #Label

  echo -e "
  1. Firewall using Single Source IP\n
  2. Firewall using Source Subnet\n
  3. Firewall using for All Source Networks\n"
  read opt_ip

  case $opt_ip in
   1) echo -e "\nPlease Enter the IP Address of the Source"
   read ip_source ;;
   2) echo -e "\nPlease Enter the Source Subnet (e.g 192.168.10.0/24)"
   read ip_source ;;
   3) ip_source="0/0" ;;
   #4) ip_source = "NULL" ;;
   *) echo -e "Wrong Option Selected"
  esac
  #########Getting Destination IP Address##########
   echo -e "
  1. Firewall using Single Destination IP\n
                2. Firewall using Destination Subnet\n
         3. Firewall using for All Destination Networks\n"

     read opt_ip
              case $opt_ip in
        1) echo -e "\nPlease Enter the IP Address of the Destination"
                     read ip_dest ;;
               2) echo -e "\nPlease Enter the Destination Subnet (e.g 192.168.10.0/24)"
                     read ip_dest ;;
               3) ip_dest="0/0" ;;
        #4) ip_dest = "NULL" ;;
               *) echo -e "Wrong Option Selected"
       esac
       ###############Getting the Protocol#############
       echo -e "
       1. Block All Traffic of TCP
       2. Block Specific TCP Service
       3. Block Specific Port
       4. Using no Protocol"
       read proto_ch
       case $proto_ch in
        1) proto=TCP ;;
        2) echo -e "Enter the TCP Service Name: (CAPITAL LETTERS!!!)"
       read proto ;;
        3) echo -e "Enter the Port Name: (CAPITAL LETTERS!!!)" 
       read proto ;;
        4) proto="NULL" ;;
        *) echo -e "Wrong option Selected!!!"
       esac

       #############What to do With Rule############# 
       echo -e "What to do with Rule?
       1. Accept the Packet
       2. Reject the Packet
       3. Drop the Packet
       4. Create Log"
       read rule_ch
       case $rule_ch in 
        1) rule="ACCEPT" ;;
        2) rule="REJECT" ;;
        3) rule="DROP" ;;
        4) rule="LOG" ;;
       esac
###################Generating the Rule####################
echo -e "\n\tPress Enter key to Generate the Complete Rule!!!"
read temp
echo -e "The Generated Rule is \n"
if [ $proto == "NULL" ]; then
 echo -e "\niptables -A $chain -s $ip_source -d $ip_dest -j $rule\n"
 gen=1
else
 echo -e "\niptables -A $chain -s $ip_source -d $ip_dest -p $proto -j $rule\n"
 gen=2
fi 
echo -e "\n\tDo you want to Enter the Above rule to the IPTABLES? Yes=1 , No=2"
read yesno
if [ $yesno == 1 ] && [ $gen == 1 ]; then
 iptables -A $chain -s $ip_source -d $ip_dest -j $rule
else if [ $yesno == 1 ] && [ $gen == 2 ]; then
 iptables -A $chain -s $ip_source -d $ip_dest -p $proto -j $rule         

else if [ $yesno == 2 ]; then

 main
fi
fi
fi
}

main()
{
 ROOT_UID=0
 if [ $UID == $ROOT_UID ];
 then
 clear
 opt_main=1
 while [ $opt_main != 4 ]
 do
echo -e "/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\n" 
#############Check Whether the iptables installed or not############ 
 echo -e "\t*****Main Menu*****\n
 1. Check Iptables Package\n
 2. Iptables Services\n
 3. Build Your Firewall with Iptables\n
 4. Exit"
 read opt_main
 case $opt_main in
  1) echo -e "******************************"
    rpm -q iptables 
     echo -e "******************************" ;;
  2) checkstatus ;;
  3) buildfirewall ;;
  4) exit 0 ;;
  *) echo -e "Wrong option Selected!!!"
 esac
done
else
 echo -e "You Must be the ROOT to Perfom this Task!!!"
fi
}
main
exit 0

    

Answer 1

Você deve adicioná-lo como uma entrada no seu crontab:

crontab -e

Você deve adicionar algo assim:

* * * * * /path/to/command arg1 arg2
- - - - -
| | | | |
| | | | ----- Day of week (0 - 7) (Sunday=0 or 7)
| | | ------- Month (1 - 12)
| | --------- Day of month (1 - 31)
| ----------- Hour (0 - 23)
------------- Minute (0 - 59)

Por exemplo, isso executará um script todos os dias às 3 horas da manhã:

0 3 * * * /home/MyUser/MyCrons/myScript.sh

Agora, se você não quer que ele seja executado em uma hora específica, mas a cada X minutos / horas ou qualquer outra coisa, você pode fazer algo assim:

*/5 * * * * /path/to/your/script

Isso faria com que fosse executado a cada 5 minutos.

Você pode listar suas tarefas no cron com:

crontab -l

Ou se você quiser ver as tarefas do cron de um usuário específico:

crontab -l -u USERNAME

    

Answer 2

Você poderia usar o crontab. É um agendador de tarefas baseado em tempo. Eu uso para agendar meus backups.

50 18 * * * /mydir/subdir/somebashscript.sh

Parece algo assim. O 50 é de minutos (0-59), o 18 é a hora do dia (0-23), depois vai para os dias do mês (1-31), meses do ano (1-12) e o último são dias da semana (0-6).

    

Answer 3

Você pode usar o cron para agendar qualquer tarefa. Dê uma olhada neste CronHowto .