Eu tenho o mesmo problema. 14.04LTS do ubuntu no virtualbox 5.0.4
link Desativante aceleração 3D para exibição no VirtualBox funcionou para mim.
Atenciosamente
Acabei de instalar o Qt 5.5.1 no Ubuntu 14.04LTS no VirtualBox 5.0.14. Eu não posso interromper o Qt Creator, depois de uma longa lista de avisos no final que ele imprime
Could not initialize GLX Aborted (core dumped)
Esta é a saída completa
libGL error: pci id for fd 21: 80ee:beef, driver (null)
OpenGL Warning: glFlushVertexArrayRangeNV not found in mesa table
OpenGL Warning: glVertexArrayRangeNV not found in mesa table
OpenGL Warning: glCombinerInputNV not found in mesa table
OpenGL Warning: glCombinerOutputNV not found in mesa table
OpenGL Warning: glCombinerParameterfNV not found in mesa table
OpenGL Warning: glCombinerParameterfvNV not found in mesa table
OpenGL Warning: glCombinerParameteriNV not found in mesa table
OpenGL Warning: glCombinerParameterivNV not found in mesa table
OpenGL Warning: glFinalCombinerInputNV not found in mesa table
OpenGL Warning: glGetCombinerInputParameterfvNV not found in mesa table
OpenGL Warning: glGetCombinerInputParameterivNV not found in mesa table
OpenGL Warning: glGetCombinerOutputParameterfvNV not found in mesa table
OpenGL Warning: glGetCombinerOutputParameterivNV not found in mesa table
OpenGL Warning: glGetFinalCombinerInputParameterfvNV not found in mesa table
OpenGL Warning: glGetFinalCombinerInputParameterivNV not found in mesa table
OpenGL Warning: glDeleteFencesNV not found in mesa table
OpenGL Warning: glFinishFenceNV not found in mesa table
OpenGL Warning: glGenFencesNV not found in mesa table
OpenGL Warning: glGetFenceivNV not found in mesa table
OpenGL Warning: glIsFenceNV not found in mesa table
OpenGL Warning: glSetFenceNV not found in mesa table
OpenGL Warning: glTestFenceNV not found in mesa table
libGL error: core dri or dri2 extension not found
libGL error: failed to load driver: vboxvideo
OpenGL Warning: XGetVisualInfo returned 0 visuals for 0ab24b48
OpenGL Warning: Retry with 0x8002 returned 0 visuals
OpenGL Warning: XGetVisualInfo returned 0 visuals for 0ab24b48
OpenGL Warning: Retry with 0x8002 returned 0 visuals
OpenGL Warning: glXGetFBConfigAttrib for 0ab24b48, failed to get XVisualInfo
OpenGL Warning: XGetVisualInfo returned 0 visuals for 0ab24b48
OpenGL Warning: Retry with 0x8002 returned 0 visuals
OpenGL Warning: glXGetFBConfigAttrib for 0ab24b48, failed to get XVisualInfo
OpenGL Warning: XGetVisualInfo returned 0 visuals for 0ab24b48
OpenGL Warning: Retry with 0x8002 returned 0 visuals
OpenGL Warning: glXGetFBConfigAttrib for 0ab24b48, failed to get XVisualInfo
OpenGL Warning: XGetVisualInfo returned 0 visuals for 0ab24b48
OpenGL Warning: Retry with 0x8002 returned 0 visuals
OpenGL Warning: glXGetFBConfigAttrib for 0ab24b48, failed to get XVisualInfo
OpenGL Warning: XGetVisualInfo returned 0 visuals for 0ab24b48
OpenGL Warning: Retry with 0x8002 returned 0 visuals
OpenGL Warning: glXGetFBConfigAttrib for 0ab24b48, failed to get XVisualInfo
OpenGL Warning: XGetVisualInfo returned 0 visuals for 0ab24b48
OpenGL Warning: Retry with 0x8002 returned 0 visuals
OpenGL Warning: glXGetFBConfigAttrib for 0ab24b48, failed to get XVisualInfo
OpenGL Warning: XGetVisualInfo returned 0 visuals for 0ab24b48
OpenGL Warning: Retry with 0x8002 returned 0 visuals
OpenGL Warning: glXGetFBConfigAttrib for 0ab24b48, failed to get XVisualInfo
OpenGL Warning: XGetVisualInfo returned 0 visuals for 0ab24b48
OpenGL Warning: Retry with 0x8002 returned 0 visuals
OpenGL Warning: glXGetFBConfigAttrib for 0ab24b48, failed to get XVisualInfo
OpenGL Warning: XGetVisualInfo returned 0 visuals for 0ab24b48
OpenGL Warning: Retry with 0x8002 returned 0 visuals
Could not initialize GLX
Aborted (core dumped)
Não é realmente uma solução, mais como uma solução alternativa. Eu tive que instalar a versão do repositório do QtCreator, além de desativar a aceleração 3D.
sudo apt-get install qtcreator