como você pode ver no final da sua "saída"
Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages
para corrigir o pacote quebrado, execute
sudo apt-get -f install
e tente novamente instalar o vlc
sudo apt-get install vlc
As informações a seguir podem ajudar a resolver a situação:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
vlc : Depends: vlc-nox (= 2.2.1-2~ppa1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libavcodec56 (>= 6:11~beta1) but it is not installable or
libavcodec-extra-56 (>= 6:11.2) but it is not installable
Depends: libavutil54 (>= 6:11~beta1) but it is not installable
Depends: libqt5x11extras5 (>= 5.1.0) but it is not installable
Depends: libsdl-image1.2 (>= 1.2.10) but it is not installable
Depends: libva-drm1 (>= 1.1.0) but it is not installable
Depends: libva-x11-1 (>= 1.0.3) but it is not installable
Depends: libva1 (>= 1.2.0) but it is not installable
Depends: libvlccore8 (>= 2.2.0~pre1) but it is not going to be installed
Recommends: vlc-plugin-notify (= 2.2.1-2~ppa1) but it is not going to be installed
Recommends: vlc-plugin-samba (= 2.2.1-2~ppa1) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
como você pode ver no final da sua "saída"
Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages
para corrigir o pacote quebrado, execute
sudo apt-get -f install
e tente novamente instalar o vlc
sudo apt-get install vlc