O comando dpkg -L <package>
exibirá os arquivos associados ao pacote fornecido.
Exemplo de saída de
$ dpkg -L vim
/.
/usr
/usr/bin
/usr/bin/vim.basic
/usr/share
/usr/share/lintian
/usr/share/lintian/overrides
/usr/share/lintian/overrides/vim
/usr/share/bug
/usr/share/bug/vim
/usr/share/bug/vim/presubj
/usr/share/bug/vim/script
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/vim