Eu tenho um problema semelhante com o Lubuntu 15.10:
fred@fred-HP-Pavilion-17-Notebook-PC:~$ cat /etc/*release*|grep DISTRIB
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=15.10
DISTRIB_CODENAME=wily
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 15.10"
A saída lspci e lshw parece ok:
$ lspci | grep -i bcm
08:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM43142 802.11b/g/n (rev 01)
$ sudo lshw -c network
*-network
description: Network controller
produit: BCM43142 802.11b/g/n
fabriquant: Broadcom Corporation
identifiant matériel: 0
information bus: pci@0000:08:00.0
version: 01
bits: 64 bits
horloge: 33MHz
fonctionnalités: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=bcma-pci-bridge latency=0
ressources: irq:18 mémoire:b5500000-b5507fff
(...)
Mas eu encontrei algo estranho com o módulo bcma
$ lsmod | grep bcma
$
Bcma não foi carregado, então eu fiz
$ sudo modprobe bcma
E então eu tenho
$ lsmod | grep bcma
bcma 53248 0
Mas a coluna "Usada por" ainda está em 0
lista rfkill mostra apenas o bluetooth:
$ rfkill unblock wlan
$ rfkill list
0: hci0: Bluetooth
Soft blocked: no
Hard blocked: no
O dmesg não mostra nada sobre o wlan, mas parece que há um erro com o carregamento do firmware para o BCM:
fred@fred-HP-Pavilion-17-Notebook-PC:~$ dmesg | grep -i wlan
fred@fred-HP-Pavilion-17-Notebook-PC:~$ dmesg | grep -i bcm
[ 2.586276] usb 3-1.7: Product: BCM43142A0
[ 12.833448] Bluetooth: hci0: BCM: chip id 70
[ 12.833452] Bluetooth: hci0: BCM (001.001.011) build 0231
[ 13.024259] bluetooth hci0: Direct firmware load for brcm/BCM.hcd failed with error -2
[ 13.024266] Bluetooth: hci0: BCM: Patch brcm/BCM.hcd not found
[ 22.816476] Modules linked in: intel_rapl x86_pkg_temp_thermal intel_powerclamp coretemp kvm_intel kvm uvcvideo crct10dif_pclmul snd_hda_codec_hdmi crc32_pclmul videobuf2_vmalloc videobuf2_memops videobuf2_core btusb btrtl btbcm v4l2_common btintel videodev aesni_intel snd_hda_codec_realtek snd_hda_codec_generic aes_x86_64 snd_hda_intel bluetooth media lrw snd_hda_codec gf128mul snd_hda_core glue_helper snd_hwdep cfg80211 hp_wmi sparse_keymap ablk_helper snd_pcm snd_seq_midi snd_seq_midi_event cryptd snd_rawmidi joydev snd_seq input_leds serio_raw lpc_ich snd_seq_device shpchp snd_timer hp_accel lis3lv02d intel_smartconnect input_polldev mei_me hp_wireless snd mei soundcore mac_hid parport_pc ppdev lp parport autofs4 psmouse i915 nouveau mxm_wmi i2c_algo_bit ttm drm_kms_helper ahci drm r8169 libahci
[ 22.818601] Modules linked in: intel_rapl x86_pkg_temp_thermal intel_powerclamp coretemp kvm_intel kvm uvcvideo crct10dif_pclmul snd_hda_codec_hdmi crc32_pclmul videobuf2_vmalloc videobuf2_memops videobuf2_core btusb btrtl btbcm v4l2_common btintel videodev aesni_intel snd_hda_codec_realtek snd_hda_codec_generic aes_x86_64 snd_hda_intel bluetooth media lrw snd_hda_codec gf128mul snd_hda_core glue_helper snd_hwdep cfg80211 hp_wmi sparse_keymap ablk_helper snd_pcm snd_seq_midi snd_seq_midi_event cryptd snd_rawmidi joydev snd_seq input_leds serio_raw lpc_ich snd_seq_device shpchp snd_timer hp_accel lis3lv02d intel_smartconnect input_polldev mei_me hp_wireless snd mei soundcore mac_hid parport_pc ppdev lp parport autofs4 psmouse i915 nouveau mxm_wmi i2c_algo_bit ttm drm_kms_helper ahci drm r8169 libahci
[ 44.284799] Modules linked in: xt_CHECKSUM iptable_mangle ipt_REJECT nf_reject_ipv4 xt_tcpudp ebtable_filter ebtables ip6table_filter ip6_tables xt_addrtype xt_conntrack ipt_MASQUERADE nf_nat_masquerade_ipv4 iptable_nat nf_conntrack_ipv4 nf_defrag_ipv4 nf_nat_ipv4 iptable_filter ip_tables x_tables nf_nat nf_conntrack bridge stp llc aufs bnep binfmt_misc nls_iso8859_1 intel_rapl x86_pkg_temp_thermal intel_powerclamp coretemp kvm_intel kvm uvcvideo crct10dif_pclmul snd_hda_codec_hdmi crc32_pclmul videobuf2_vmalloc videobuf2_memops videobuf2_core btusb btrtl btbcm v4l2_common btintel videodev aesni_intel snd_hda_codec_realtek snd_hda_codec_generic aes_x86_64 snd_hda_intel bluetooth media lrw snd_hda_codec gf128mul snd_hda_core glue_helper snd_hwdep cfg80211 hp_wmi sparse_keymap ablk_helper snd_pcm snd_seq_midi
[ 202.654555] bcma: bus0: Found chip with id 43142, rev 0x01 and package 0x08
[ 202.654591] bcma: bus0: Core 0 found: ChipCommon (manuf 0x4BF, id 0x800, rev 0x28, class 0x0)
[ 202.654617] bcma: bus0: Core 1 found: IEEE 802.11 (manuf 0x4BF, id 0x812, rev 0x21, class 0x0)
[ 202.654669] bcma: bus0: Core 2 found: PCIe (manuf 0x4BF, id 0x820, rev 0x16, class 0x0)
[ 202.654733] bcma: bus0: Core 3 found: UNKNOWN (manuf 0x43B, id 0x368, rev 0x00, class 0x0)
[ 202.670219] bcma: bus0: Bus registered
Então, parece que alguns arquivos não foram encontrados e que meu disco rígido estava cheio em algum momento.
$ sudo apt-get remove bcmwl-kernel-source
$ sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source
Eu desabilitei a inicialização segura do UEFI quando o apt-get solicitou.
Mas isso não resolveu o problema até agora.
Então reiniciei o computador, entrei no menu bios / uefi (F10 no meu computador) e desativei o "Secure boot" . Isso fez o wifi funcionar de novo: -)