Excluiu acidentalmente /etc/rc0.d e /etc/rc1.d e não pode inicializar

Question

Eu deletei /etc/rc0.d e /etc/rc1.d e não sei o que perdi. Eu sei que este é o lugar onde meu script de início automático ao vivo. Existe alguma maneira de obter esses diretórios de volta? Além disso, parece haver 4 ou mais diretórios etc/rc?.d restantes. Algum desses backups? Meu sistema sobreviverá?

update: Eu reiniciei meu sistema, agora ele não carregará além da tela roxa do Ubuntu. Estou usando o Ubuntu 12.04.

    

Answer 1

O número refere-se a níveis, onde costumava ser que apenas níveis acima de 3 eram GUI, e os níveis inferiores tinham menos material carregado. Agora, parece que isso foi praticamente abandonado, pelo menos com o Ubuntu. Então, alguns deles são duplicados. Você pode alternar os níveis usando o comando "init", seguido pelo nível, como init 3 executa os scripts em rc3.d. init 0 é desligado e init 6 é reiniciado.

Se eu tiver links que não tenham um script no diretório init.d, eles provavelmente poderão ser omitidos com segurança.

Aqui estão todos os meus diretórios:

$ ll rc*.d
rc0.d:
total 20
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 May 16 09:15 ./
drwxr-xr-x 131 root root 12288 Jun 10 21:59 ../
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    29 May 16 08:46 K10unattended-upgrades -> ../init.d/unattended-upgrades*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    27 May 16 08:46 K20speech-dispatcher -> ../init.d/speech-dispatcher*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    32 May 16 09:15 K20virtualbox-guest-utils -> ../init.d/virtualbox-guest-utils*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    25 May 16 09:12 K65vboxadd-service -> ../init.d/vboxadd-service*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    17 May 16 09:09 K70vboxadd -> ../init.d/vboxadd*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    21 May 16 09:12 K70vboxadd-x11 -> ../init.d/vboxadd-x11*
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   353 Apr 14 02:26 README
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    18 May 16 08:46 S20sendsigs -> ../init.d/sendsigs*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    17 May 16 08:46 S30urandom -> ../init.d/urandom*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    22 May 16 08:46 S31umountnfs.sh -> ../init.d/umountnfs.sh*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    20 May 16 08:46 S35networking -> ../init.d/networking*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    18 May 16 08:46 S40umountfs -> ../init.d/umountfs*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    20 May 16 08:46 S60umountroot -> ../init.d/umountroot*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    14 May 16 08:46 S90halt -> ../init.d/halt*

rc1.d:
total 20
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 May 16 09:15 ./
drwxr-xr-x 131 root root 12288 Jun 10 21:59 ../
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    20 May 16 08:46 K15pulseaudio -> ../init.d/pulseaudio*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    22 May 16 08:46 K20acpi-support -> ../init.d/acpi-support*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    20 May 16 08:46 K20kerneloops -> ../init.d/kerneloops*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    15 May 16 08:46 K20saned -> ../init.d/saned*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    27 May 16 08:46 K20speech-dispatcher -> ../init.d/speech-dispatcher*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    32 May 16 09:15 K20virtualbox-guest-utils -> ../init.d/virtualbox-guest-utils*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    25 May 16 09:12 K65vboxadd-service -> ../init.d/vboxadd-service*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    17 May 16 09:09 K70vboxadd -> ../init.d/vboxadd*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    21 May 16 09:12 K70vboxadd-x11 -> ../init.d/vboxadd-x11*
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   369 Apr 14 02:26 README
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    19 May 16 08:46 S30killprocs -> ../init.d/killprocs*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    19 May 16 08:46 S70dns-clean -> ../init.d/dns-clean*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    18 May 16 08:46 S70pppd-dns -> ../init.d/pppd-dns*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    16 May 16 08:46 S90single -> ../init.d/single*

rc2.d:
total 20
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 May 22 14:27 ./
drwxr-xr-x 131 root root 12288 Jun 10 21:59 ../
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   677 Apr 14 02:26 README
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    20 May 16 08:46 S20kerneloops -> ../init.d/kerneloops*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    27 May 16 08:46 S20speech-dispatcher -> ../init.d/speech-dispatcher*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    32 May 16 09:15 S20virtualbox-guest-utils -> ../init.d/virtualbox-guest-utils*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    17 May 16 09:09 S30vboxadd -> ../init.d/vboxadd*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    21 May 16 09:12 S30vboxadd-x11 -> ../init.d/vboxadd-x11*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    25 May 16 09:12 S35vboxadd-service -> ../init.d/vboxadd-service*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    20 May 16 08:46 S50pulseaudio -> ../init.d/pulseaudio*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    15 May 16 08:46 S50rsync -> ../init.d/rsync*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    15 May 16 08:46 S50saned -> ../init.d/saned*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    19 May 16 08:46 S70dns-clean -> ../init.d/dns-clean*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    18 May 16 08:46 S70pppd-dns -> ../init.d/pppd-dns*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    14 May 22 14:27 S75sudo -> ../init.d/sudo*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    22 May 16 08:46 S99acpi-support -> ../init.d/acpi-support*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    21 May 16 08:46 S99grub-common -> ../init.d/grub-common*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    18 May 16 08:46 S99ondemand -> ../init.d/ondemand*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    18 May 16 08:46 S99rc.local -> ../init.d/rc.local*

rc3.d:
total 20
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 May 22 14:27 ./
drwxr-xr-x 131 root root 12288 Jun 10 21:59 ../
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   677 Apr 14 02:26 README
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    20 May 16 08:46 S20kerneloops -> ../init.d/kerneloops*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    27 May 16 08:46 S20speech-dispatcher -> ../init.d/speech-dispatcher*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    32 May 16 09:15 S20virtualbox-guest-utils -> ../init.d/virtualbox-guest-utils*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    17 May 16 09:09 S30vboxadd -> ../init.d/vboxadd*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    21 May 16 09:12 S30vboxadd-x11 -> ../init.d/vboxadd-x11*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    25 May 16 09:12 S35vboxadd-service -> ../init.d/vboxadd-service*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    20 May 16 08:46 S50pulseaudio -> ../init.d/pulseaudio*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    15 May 16 08:46 S50rsync -> ../init.d/rsync*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    15 May 16 08:46 S50saned -> ../init.d/saned*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    19 May 16 08:46 S70dns-clean -> ../init.d/dns-clean*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    18 May 16 08:46 S70pppd-dns -> ../init.d/pppd-dns*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    14 May 22 14:27 S75sudo -> ../init.d/sudo*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    22 May 16 08:46 S99acpi-support -> ../init.d/acpi-support*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    21 May 16 08:46 S99grub-common -> ../init.d/grub-common*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    18 May 16 08:46 S99ondemand -> ../init.d/ondemand*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    18 May 16 08:46 S99rc.local -> ../init.d/rc.local*

rc4.d:
total 20
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 May 22 14:27 ./
drwxr-xr-x 131 root root 12288 Jun 10 21:59 ../
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   677 Apr 14 02:26 README
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    20 May 16 08:46 S20kerneloops -> ../init.d/kerneloops*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    27 May 16 08:46 S20speech-dispatcher -> ../init.d/speech-dispatcher*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    32 May 16 09:15 S20virtualbox-guest-utils -> ../init.d/virtualbox-guest-utils*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    17 May 16 09:09 S30vboxadd -> ../init.d/vboxadd*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    21 May 16 09:12 S30vboxadd-x11 -> ../init.d/vboxadd-x11*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    25 May 16 09:12 S35vboxadd-service -> ../init.d/vboxadd-service*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    20 May 16 08:46 S50pulseaudio -> ../init.d/pulseaudio*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    15 May 16 08:46 S50rsync -> ../init.d/rsync*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    15 May 16 08:46 S50saned -> ../init.d/saned*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    19 May 16 08:46 S70dns-clean -> ../init.d/dns-clean*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    18 May 16 08:46 S70pppd-dns -> ../init.d/pppd-dns*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    14 May 22 14:27 S75sudo -> ../init.d/sudo*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    22 May 16 08:46 S99acpi-support -> ../init.d/acpi-support*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    21 May 16 08:46 S99grub-common -> ../init.d/grub-common*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    18 May 16 08:46 S99ondemand -> ../init.d/ondemand*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    18 May 16 08:46 S99rc.local -> ../init.d/rc.local*

rc5.d:
total 20
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 May 22 14:27 ./
drwxr-xr-x 131 root root 12288 Jun 10 21:59 ../
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   677 Apr 14 02:26 README
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    20 May 16 08:46 S20kerneloops -> ../init.d/kerneloops*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    27 May 16 08:46 S20speech-dispatcher -> ../init.d/speech-dispatcher*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    32 May 16 09:15 S20virtualbox-guest-utils -> ../init.d/virtualbox-guest-utils*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    17 May 16 09:09 S30vboxadd -> ../init.d/vboxadd*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    21 May 16 09:12 S30vboxadd-x11 -> ../init.d/vboxadd-x11*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    25 May 16 09:12 S35vboxadd-service -> ../init.d/vboxadd-service*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    20 May 16 08:46 S50pulseaudio -> ../init.d/pulseaudio*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    15 May 16 08:46 S50rsync -> ../init.d/rsync*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    15 May 16 08:46 S50saned -> ../init.d/saned*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    19 May 16 08:46 S70dns-clean -> ../init.d/dns-clean*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    18 May 16 08:46 S70pppd-dns -> ../init.d/pppd-dns*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    14 May 22 14:27 S75sudo -> ../init.d/sudo*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    22 May 16 08:46 S99acpi-support -> ../init.d/acpi-support*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    21 May 16 08:46 S99grub-common -> ../init.d/grub-common*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    18 May 16 08:46 S99ondemand -> ../init.d/ondemand*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    18 May 16 08:46 S99rc.local -> ../init.d/rc.local*

rc6.d:
total 20
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 May 16 09:15 ./
drwxr-xr-x 131 root root 12288 Jun 10 21:59 ../
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    29 May 16 08:46 K10unattended-upgrades -> ../init.d/unattended-upgrades*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    27 May 16 08:46 K20speech-dispatcher -> ../init.d/speech-dispatcher*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    32 May 16 09:15 K20virtualbox-guest-utils -> ../init.d/virtualbox-guest-utils*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    25 May 16 09:12 K65vboxadd-service -> ../init.d/vboxadd-service*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    17 May 16 09:09 K70vboxadd -> ../init.d/vboxadd*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    21 May 16 09:12 K70vboxadd-x11 -> ../init.d/vboxadd-x11*
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   351 Apr 14 02:26 README
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    18 May 16 08:46 S20sendsigs -> ../init.d/sendsigs*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    17 May 16 08:46 S30urandom -> ../init.d/urandom*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    22 May 16 08:46 S31umountnfs.sh -> ../init.d/umountnfs.sh*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    20 May 16 08:46 S35networking -> ../init.d/networking*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    18 May 16 08:46 S40umountfs -> ../init.d/umountfs*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    20 May 16 08:46 S60umountroot -> ../init.d/umountroot*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    16 May 16 08:46 S90reboot -> ../init.d/reboot*

rcS.d:
total 20
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Apr 23 04:38 ./
drwxr-xr-x 131 root root 12288 Jun 10 21:59 ../
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   447 Apr 14 02:26 README
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    16 May 16 08:46 S25brltty -> ../init.d/brltty*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    18 May 16 08:46 S37apparmor -> ../init.d/apparmor*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    17 May 16 08:46 S55urandom -> ../init.d/urandom*
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    20 May 16 08:46 S70x11-common -> ../init.d/x11-common*

O README para rc0.d diz:

The scripts in this directory are executed once when entering 
runlevel 0.

The scripts are all symbolic links whose targets are located in
/etc/init.d/ .

Generally it is not necessary to alter the scripts in this directory.
Their purpose is to stop all services and to make the system ready
for shutdown.

For more information see /etc/init.d/README.

O README para rc1.d diz:

The scripts in this directory are executed each time the system enters
this runlevel.

The scripts are all symbolic links whose targets are located in
/etc/init.d/ .

Generally it is not necessary to alter the scripts in this directory.
Their purpose is to stop all services and thus to put the system in
single-user mode.

For more information see /etc/init.d/README.

Espero que isso ajude