Afaik, você cria uma alternativa usando a opção - install do comando update-alternatives . Você pode adicionar este comando aos scripts de pós-instalação do pacote se quiser registrar um pacote como alternativa.
Você pode tornar o seu pacote o padrão na instalação através da opção - set ou colocando o grupo alternativo no modo automático e garantindo que seu pacote tenha a maior prioridade.
Não há repositório central, apenas os dois dois diretórios usados por este comando:
alternatives directory
A directory, by default /etc/alternatives, containing the symlinks.
administrative directory
A directory, by default /var/lib/dpkg/alternatives, containing update-alternatives’ state infor‐
mation.
Snippets relevantes da página do manual update-alternatives :
--install genname symlink altern priority [--slave genname symlink altern]...
Add a group of alternatives to the system. genname is the generic name for the master link, sym‐
link is the name of its symlink in the alternatives directory, and altern is the alternative
being introduced for the master link. The arguments after --slave are the generic name, symlink
name in the alternatives directory and the alternative for a slave link. Zero or more --slave
options, each followed by three arguments, may be specified.
If the master symlink specified exists already in the alternatives system’s records, the informa‐
tion supplied will be added as a new set of alternatives for the group. Otherwise, a new group,
set to automatic mode, will be added with this information. If the group is in automatic mode,
and the newly added alternatives’ priority is higher than any other installed alternatives for
this group, the symlinks will be updated to point to the newly added alternatives.
--set name path
Set the program path as alternative for name. This is equivalent to --config but is non-interac‐
tive and thus scriptable.
--auto link
Switch the master symlink link to automatic mode. In the process, this symlink and its slaves
are updated to point to the highest priority installed alternatives.