A conexão e desconexão de dispositivos USB é registrada no "Registro de eventos".
Citando esta descrição detalhada ( Blog "Digital Forensics Stream", 2014-01-02, Registro de Eventos do Windows 7 e Rastreamento de Dispositivos USB :
Connection Event IDs
When a USB removable storage device is connected to a Windows 7 system,
a number of event records should be generated
in the Microsoft-Windows-DriverFrameworks-UserMode/Operational event log.
The records include those with Event ID 2003, 2004, 2005, 2010, 2100, 2105,
and more.
...
Disconnection Event IDs
When a USB thumb drive is disconnected from a Windows 7 system,
a few event records should be
generated in the same event log as the connection events.
Records with Event ID 2100, 2102, and
potentially more may be generated when a USB device is disconnected.
...
Para automatizar as exportações do log de eventos, a Microsoft oferece o logparser para livre.