O armazenamento local e o SQLite estão disponíveis para fornecer o Armazenamento na Web proposto (W3C) e Banco de Dados SQL da Web , originalmente destinado à especificação HTML5.
Da Wikipedia:
Web Storage and DOM Storage (Document Object Model) are web application software methods and protocols used for storing data in a web browser. Web storage supports persistent data storage, similar to cookies, as well as window-local storage.
Web storage offers two different storage areas—local storage and session storage—which differ in scope and lifetime. Data placed in local storage is per domain (it's available to all scripts from the domain that originally stored the data) and persists after the browser is closed.
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Web SQL Database is a web page API for storing data in databases that can be queried using a variant of SQL.
The API is supported by Google Chrome, Opera and Safari, but will not be implemented by Mozilla Firefox which instead supports the Indexed Database API.
The W3C Web Applications Working Group ceased working on the specification in November 2010, citing lack of independent implementations (not using SQLite as the backend) as the reason the specification could not move forward to become a W3C Recommendation.