Acho que uma resposta é o comando dmidecode:
dmidecode -t memory
Quais informações de bios de saída sobre a memória em seu computador.
O outpo é algo como:
SMBIOS 2.5 present.
Handle 0x1000, DMI type 16, 15 bytes
Physical Memory Array
Location: System Board Or Motherboard
Use: System Memory
Error Correction Type: Multi-bit ECC
Maximum Capacity: 8 GB
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Number Of Devices: 4
Handle 0x1100, DMI type 17, 27 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x1000
Error Information Handle: No Error
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 1024 MB
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: DIMM_1
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type: DDR2
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 800 MHz (1.2 ns)
Manufacturer: AD00000000000000
Serial Number: XXXXXXXX
Asset Tag: XXXXXX
Part Number: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
...