smartctl
do pacote smartmontools
é o que você deseja para isso
% sudo smartctl -i /dev/sda
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [i686-linux-3.13.0-24-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: SAMSUNG SpinPoint M7
Device Model: SAMSUNG HM250HI
Serial Number: <snip>
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0024e9 203520f1d
Firmware Version: 2AC101C4
User Capacity: 250,059,350,016 bytes [250 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 6
SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 3.0 Gb/s
Local Time is: Thu May 15 21:49:09 2014 MYT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled