De onde vêm os dados de localização geográfica IP?

Question

Não entendo como alguns sites (por exemplo, link ) mostre o país e a cidade para um endereço IP. Por exemplo 193.45.10.135 :

Continent:  Europe
Country:  Germany
Country Code:  DE
Country CF:  99
Region: 
State:  Hamburg
State Code: 
State CF:  82
DMA: 
MSA: 
City:  Hamburg
Postal Code:  20001
Timezone:  Greenwich Mean Time
Area Code: 
City CF:  66
Latitude:  53.56111172
Longitude:  10.01805607

Este é o endereço IP da Akamai, portanto, é improvável que alguém use a Internet por meio de um ponto de acesso localizado em um datacenter por meio de um tablet com GPS. E não há registros de DNS LOC neste IP.

Os registros Whois mostram apenas o país:

inetnum:        193.45.10.128 - 193.45.10.255
netname:        SE-AKAMAI
descr:          Akamai International BV
org:            ORG-AIB6-RIPE
country:        DE
admin-c:        NARA1-RIPE
tech-c:         NARA1-RIPE
status:         ASSIGNED PA
mnt-by:         TELIANET-LIR
source:         RIPE # Filtered

Então, existe algum banco de dados onde esses dados estão localizados (talvez RIPE)?

    

Answer 1

Confira este excelente artigo da Wikipédia: link

The primary source for IP address data is the regional Internet registries which allocate and distribute IP addresses amongst organizations located in their respective service regions:

• African Network Information Centre (AfriNIC)
• American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN)
• Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre (APNIC)
• Latin American and Caribbean Internet Address Registry (LACNIC)
• RIPE Network Coordination Centre (RIPE NCC)

Secondary sources include:

• Data mining or user-submitted geographic location data. For example, a weather web site might ask visitors for a city name to find their local forecast. Another example would be to pair a user's IP address with the address information in his/her account profile.
• Data contributed by internet service providers.
• Merging databases from different suppliers.
• Guesstimates from adjacent Class C range[5] and/or gleaned from network hops.

Accuracy is improved by:

• Data scrubbing to filter out or identify anomalies.
• Statistical analysis of user submitted data.
• Utilizing third-party tests conducted by reputable organizations.