A resposta está no Stack Overflow. Consiste em instalar mais alguns pacotes do mesmo ppa repo e depois obter o pip do pypa.io. Opcionalmente, você pode querer configurar alguns links para que o python3.6 seja o padrão python3:
Let's suppose that you have a system running Ubuntu 16.04, 16.10, or 17.04, and you want Python 3.6 to be the default Python.
If you're using Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, you'll need to use a PPA:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jonathonf/python-3.6 # (only for 16.04 LTS)
Then, run the following (this works out-of-the-box on 16.10 and 17.04):
sudo apt update sudo apt install python3.6 sudo apt install python3.6-dev sudo apt install python3.6-venv wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py sudo python3.6 get-pip.py sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/local/bin/python3 sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/pip /usr/local/bin/pip3 # Do this only if you want python3 to be the default Python # instead of python2 (may be dangerous, esp. before 2020): # sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/local/bin/python
When you have completed all of the above, each of the following shell commands should indicate
Python 3.6.1
(or a more recent version of Python 3.6):python --version # (this will reflect your choice, see above) python3 --version $(head -1 'which pip' | tail -c +3) --version $(head -1 'which pip3' | tail -c +3) --version