Meu palpite é que isso está relacionado a alguns FAKERaid integrados na placa-mãe.
Desative-o da BIOS se esse dispositivo existir e tente novamente. (ou talvez tente uma atualização do BIOS)
Mais detalhes do erro seriam úteis (o caso do Ubuntu).
Isso é o que eu quis dizer com FAKERaid:
Operating system-based RAID doesn't always protect the boot process and is generally impractical on desktop versions of Windows (as described above). Hardware RAID controllers are expensive and proprietary. To fill this gap, cheap "RAID controllers" were introduced that do not contain a RAID controller chip, but simply a standard disk controller chip with special firmware and drivers. During early stage bootup the RAID is implemented by the firmware; when a protected-mode operating system kernel such as Linux or a modern version of Microsoft Windows is loaded the drivers take over.
These controllers are described by their manufacturers as RAID controllers, and it is rarely made clear to purchasers that the burden of RAID processing is borne by the host computer's central processing unit, not the RAID controller itself, thus introducing the aforementioned CPU overhead from which hardware controllers don't suffer. Firmware controllers often can only use certain types of hard drives in their RAID arrays (e.g. SATA for Intel Matrix RAID, as there is neither SCSI nor PATA support in modern Intel ICH southbridges; however, motherboard makers implement RAID controllers outside of the southbridge on some motherboards). Before their introduction, a "RAID controller" implied that the controller did the processing, and the new type has become known by some as "fake RAID" even though the RAID itself is implemented correctly. Adaptec calls them "HostRAID".
Uma atualização do BIOS é apenas um procedimento simples recomendado pelo fabricante do seu hardware se você ainda não estiver usando a versão mais recente.
Eu não acho que o erro que você me mostrou possa ser o motivo pelo qual o Ubuntu não inicializa.