Experimente
wuauclt /resetauthorization /detectnow
Se isso não funcionar, tente
REG DELETE "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\WindowsUpdate" /v SusClientId /f
REG DELETE "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\WindowsUpdate" /v SusClientIdValidation /f
Então
wuauclt /resetauthorization /detectnow