Interpretação de saída do SMART HDD Status - Ajuda apreciada [duplicada]

Question

Aqui está um disco com alguns erros de montagem estranhos em um sistema Ubuntu. Não tenho certeza se é devido a configurações falsas no fstab ou a um erro de hardware real. Eu corro smartctl para verificar o status do disco. Eu não tenho nenhuma experiência em ler os resultados, mas para mim parece que há problemas graves com esse disco. Mas os caras da loja onde o disco foi comprado disseram que o disco está bom. Alguém com algum tempo livre para me dar dicas sobre o estado real do disco e quão significativos são os resultados SMART?

smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [x86_64-linux-4.4.0-22-generic] (local 

build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Toshiba 3.5" DT01ABA... Desktop HDD
Device Model:     TOSHIBA DT01ABA300
Serial Number:    XXXXXXXXXXXXX
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000039 ff4c8910e
Firmware Version: MZ6OABB0
User Capacity:    3.000.592.982.016 bytes [3,00 TB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate:    5940 rpm
Form Factor:      3.5 inches
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Thu Jun  2 15:48:48 2016 CEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: FAILED!
Drive failure expected in less than 24 hours. SAVE ALL DATA.
See vendor-specific Attribute list for failed Attributes.

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x84) Offline data collection activity
                    was suspended by an interrupting command from host.
                    Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status:      ( 121) The previous self-test completed having
                    the read element of the test failed.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection:        (28357) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:            (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                    Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                    Suspend Offline collection upon new
                    command.
                    Offline surface scan supported.
                    Self-test supported.
                    No Conveyance Self-test supported.
                    Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                    power-saving mode.
                    Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                    General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time:    (   1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:    ( 473) minutes.
SCT capabilities:          (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
                    SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
                    SCT Feature Control supported.
                    SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000b   078   078   016    Pre-fail  Always       -       61472768
  2 Throughput_Performance  0x0005   142   142   054    Pre-fail  Offline      -       90
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0007   146   146   024    Pre-fail  Always       -       390 (Average 362)
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       281
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   001   001   005    Pre-fail  Always   FAILING_NOW 642
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000b   100   100   067    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  8 Seek_Time_Performance   0x0005   138   138   020    Pre-fail  Offline      -       33
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       291
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0013   100   100   060    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       274
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       375
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       375
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0002   181   181   000    Old_age   Always       -       33 (Min/Max 17/53)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   074   074   000    Old_age   Always       -       648
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0022   001   001   000    Old_age   Always       -       25960
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0008   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       66
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x000a   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 8252 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
    CR = Command Register [HEX]
    FR = Features Register [HEX]
    SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
    SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
    CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
    CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
    DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
    DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
    ER = Error register [HEX]
    ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.

Error 8252 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 146 hours (6 days + 2 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 08 e8 1c aa 00  Error: UNC 8 sectors at LBA = 0x00aa1ce8 = 11148520

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00   3d+05:57:06.926  READ DMA EXT
  25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00   3d+05:57:02.420  READ DMA EXT
  25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00   3d+05:56:57.914  READ DMA EXT
  25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00   3d+05:56:53.407  READ DMA EXT
  25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00   3d+05:56:48.901  READ DMA EXT

Error 8251 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 146 hours (6 days + 2 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 08 e8 1c aa 00  Error: UNC 8 sectors at LBA = 0x00aa1ce8 = 11148520

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00   3d+05:57:02.420  READ DMA EXT
  25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00   3d+05:56:57.914  READ DMA EXT
  25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00   3d+05:56:53.407  READ DMA EXT
  25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00   3d+05:56:48.901  READ DMA EXT
  25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00   3d+05:56:44.397  READ DMA EXT

Error 8250 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 146 hours (6 days + 2 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 08 e8 1c aa 00  Error: UNC 8 sectors at LBA = 0x00aa1ce8 = 11148520

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00   3d+05:56:57.914  READ DMA EXT
  25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00   3d+05:56:53.407  READ DMA EXT
  25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00   3d+05:56:48.901  READ DMA EXT
  25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00   3d+05:56:44.397  READ DMA EXT
  25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00   3d+05:56:39.897  READ DMA EXT

Error 8249 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 146 hours (6 days + 2 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 08 e8 1c aa 00  Error: UNC 8 sectors at LBA = 0x00aa1ce8 = 11148520

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00   3d+05:56:53.407  READ DMA EXT
  25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00   3d+05:56:48.901  READ DMA EXT
  25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00   3d+05:56:44.397  READ DMA EXT
  25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00   3d+05:56:39.897  READ DMA EXT
  25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00   3d+05:56:35.386  READ DMA EXT

Error 8248 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 146 hours (6 days + 2 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 08 e8 1c aa 00  Error: UNC 8 sectors at LBA = 0x00aa1ce8 = 11148520

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00   3d+05:56:48.901  READ DMA EXT
  25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00   3d+05:56:44.397  READ DMA EXT
  25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00   3d+05:56:39.897  READ DMA EXT
  25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00   3d+05:56:35.386  READ DMA EXT
  25 03 08 e8 1c aa e0 00   3d+05:56:30.880  READ DMA EXT

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%       271         91251656
# 2  Extended offline    Aborted by host               90%       271         -

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

    

Answer 1

Os valores dos parâmetros são normalizados para 100, o menor é pior e, se estiver abaixo do limite indicado, será sinalizado como falho.

Você tem uma taxa de erro de leitura bruta significativa e o disco rígido já realocou todos os blocos sobressalentes que possui para essa finalidade.

Portanto, o disco está falhando, por qualquer motivo. Você ainda pode ler tudo (talvez seja o que o cara da loja testou), mas possivelmente não por muito tempo.

Faça um backup o mais rápido possível, antes que seja tarde demais, e obtenha um novo disco.

Editar

Para o backup, certifique-se de montar a unidade somente leitura. O superbloco é marcado durante a montagem e, se a unidade não conseguir escrevê-lo e tentar alocá-lo, e não tiver mais peças sobressalentes para alocar, há um problema - que pode causar "erros de montagem estranhos" mencionado.

(Sim, eu li que você já fez um backup, mas alguém pode estar lendo isso no futuro).