Eu finalmente consegui alcançar o suporte da Bitdefender (o envio de ingressos do programa antivírus da Bitdefender não funciona - eu tive que contatá-los através de chat online 24/7).
Aqui está a resposta:
Hi **,
Thank you for your patience throughout this entire process and please accept my apologies for the frustration that we might have caused.
Our developers analyzed the case and it seems that Hypervisor Code Integrity (HVCI) is responsible for the Advanced Threat Defense malfunction. They are currently working on a fix which will be done by means of an automatic update.
In the meantime, as a workaround please try to disable Device Guard by following the steps 1-5 and 7 from this article: https://www.tenforums.com/tutorials/68913-enable-disable-device-guard-windows-10-a.html
We will contact you again as soon as we have news about the release date. Thank you for your patience and understanding.
Have a nice day ahead!
Cordially,
**
Senior Technical Support Engineer
A solução resolveu meu problema.