Se você ainda não estiver usando a versão ISO do SP1, tente isso. Veja também este tópico para as possíveis soluções possíveis .
Também recomendo tentar uma reinstalação completa (desinstale VS2010, depois istall e tente aplicar o SP1).
Quando tento instalar o VS 2010 SP1 para o VS 2010 Ultimate (versão de teste)
Eu recebo este erro
"A instalação não foi bem sucedida"
Erro fatal durante a instalação
O arquivo de registro é exibido abaixo:
Número de itens aplicáveis: 16 Informação resumida:
SetupUtility
Service Pack 1 Package
Microsoft Team Foundation Server 2010 Object Model - ENU
Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 Performance Collection Tools - ENU
Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 Ultimate - ENU
Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 ADO.NET Entity Framework Tools
Dotfuscator Software Services - Community Edition
Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2 Transact-SQL Language Service
Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2 Management Objects
Microsoft SQL Server System CLR Types
Microsoft F# Redist 2.0
VSTO 4.0 Runtime x86
Help Viewer v1.1
Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 x86 Runtime - 10.0.40219
Microsoft Visual C++ Compilers 2010 Standard x86 - 10.0.40219
NDP40-KB2468871.exe
D:\VS2010SP1\Dotfuscator\DotfuscatorCE_5.0.2500.msi - Signature verification for file Dotfuscator\DotfuscatorCE_5.0.2500.msi (D:\VS2010SP1\Dotfuscator\DotfuscatorCE_5.0.2500.msi) failed with error 0x80090327 (An unknown error occurred while processing the certificate.)
Starting install of item 'VS10sp1-KB983509' at tickCount = 182655609
Exe (D:\VS2010SP1\SetupUtility.exe) succeeded.
Exe Log File: dd_SetupUtility.txt
MSI (D:\VS2010SP1\VS10sp1_x86.msi) Installation succeeded. Msi Log: Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 Service Pack 1_20130225_121918559-MSI_VS10sp1_x86.msi.txt
Patch (D:\VS2010SP1\VS10sp1-KB983509.msp;D:\VS2010SP1\VC10sp1-KB983509-x86.msp;D:\VS2010SP1\VC10sp1-KB983509-x64.msp;D:\VS2010SP1\VC10sp1-KB983509-IA64.msp;D:\VS2010SP1\VS10sp1-KB983509-Pro.msp) Install succeeded on product (Microsoft Team Foundation Server 2010 Object Model - ENU). Msi Log:
Patch (D:\VS2010SP1\VS10sp1-KB983509.msp;D:\VS2010SP1\VC10sp1-KB983509-x86.msp;D:\VS2010SP1\VC10sp1-KB983509-x64.msp;D:\VS2010SP1\VC10sp1-KB983509-IA64.msp;D:\VS2010SP1\VS10sp1-KB983509-Pro.msp) Install succeeded on product (Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 Performance Collection Tools SP1 - ENU). Msi Log:
Patch (D:\VS2010SP1\VS10sp1-KB983509.msp;D:\VS2010SP1\VC10sp1-KB983509-x86.msp;D:\VS2010SP1\VC10sp1-KB983509-x64.msp;D:\VS2010SP1\VC10sp1-KB983509-IA64.msp;D:\VS2010SP1\VS10sp1-KB983509-Pro.msp) Install failed on product (Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 Ultimate - ENU). Msi Log:
Exe (D:\VS2010SP1\SetupUtility.exe) succeeded.
Exe Log File: dd_SetupUtility.txt
Patch (D:\VS2010SP1\VS10sp1-KB983509.msp;D:\VS2010SP1\VC10sp1-KB983509-x86.msp;D:\VS2010SP1\VC10sp1-KB983509-x64.msp;D:\VS2010SP1\VC10sp1-KB983509-IA64.msp;D:\VS2010SP1\VS10sp1-KB983509-Pro.msp) Install succeeded on product (Microsoft Team Foundation Server 2010 Object Model - ENU). Msi Log:
Patch (D:\VS2010SP1\VS10sp1-KB983509.msp;D:\VS2010SP1\VC10sp1-KB983509-x86.msp;D:\VS2010SP1\VC10sp1-KB983509-x64.msp;D:\VS2010SP1\VC10sp1-KB983509-IA64.msp;D:\VS2010SP1\VS10sp1-KB983509-Pro.msp) Install succeeded on product (Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 Performance Collection Tools SP1 - ENU). Msi Log:
Patch (D:\VS2010SP1\VS10sp1-KB983509.msp;D:\VS2010SP1\VC10sp1-KB983509-x86.msp;D:\VS2010SP1\VC10sp1-KB983509-x64.msp;D:\VS2010SP1\VC10sp1-KB983509-IA64.msp;D:\VS2010SP1\VS10sp1-KB983509-Pro.msp) Install failed on product (Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 Ultimate - ENU). Msi Log:
MSI (D:\VS2010SP1\VS10sp1_x86.msi) Uninstall succeeded. Msi Log: Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 Service Pack 1_20130225_121918559-MSI_VS10sp1_x86.msi.txt
Final Result: Installation failed with error code: (0x80070643), "Fatal error during installation. " (Elapsed time: 0 00:55:28).
Se você ainda não estiver usando a versão ISO do SP1, tente isso. Veja também este tópico para as possíveis soluções possíveis .
Também recomendo tentar uma reinstalação completa (desinstale VS2010, depois istall e tente aplicar o SP1).