Respondendo minha própria pergunta:
iptables -F
iptables -t mangle -F
iptables -t nat -F
echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/rp_filter
echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/tun0/rp_filter
ip route flush table 101
ip rule add fwmark 2 table 101
ip route add default via 192.168.0.1 table 101
ip route flush cache
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j MARK --set-mark 2
Resumidamente, ip route flush cache
deve ir logo após o último comando ip route add
e, para o iptables, OUTPUT
chain deve ser usado em vez de PREROUTING
.