Eu atualizei nosso servidor remoto Ubuntu 12.10 para 13.10.
Durante o processo de atualização, fui perguntado para qual partição instalar o Grub2. Eu não sabia qual unidade era a unidade de inicialização, então verifiquei todas as unidades.
The GRUB boot loader was previously installed to a disk that is no longer present, or whose unique identifier has changed for some reason. It is important to make sure that the installed GRUB core image stays in sync with GRUB modules and grub.cfg. Please check again to make sure that GRUB is written to the appropriate boot devices.
If you're unsure which drive is designated as boot drive by your BIOS, it is often a good idea to install GRUB to all of them.
Note: it is possible to install GRUB to partition boot records as well, and some appropriate partitions are offered here. However, this forces GRUB to use the blocklist mechanism, which makes it less reliable, and therefore is not recommended.
GRUB install devices:
[*] /dev/sda (3000592 MB; TOSHIBA_DT01ACA300)
[*] /dev/sdb (3000592 MB; TOSHIBA_DT01ACA300)
[] /dev/md1 (536 MB; :1)
[] /dev/md2 (1099510 MB; :2)
Mais tarde, recebi esta mensagem:
GRUB failed to install to the following devices:
/dev/md2
Do you want to continue anyway? If you do, your computer may not start up properly.
Writing GRUB to boot device failed - continue?
Eu sei que /boot está montado em /dev/md1 . No entanto, como é um servidor remoto, devo ter 100% de certeza antes de reinicializá-lo.
$mount
/dev/md2 on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
none on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (rw)
none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755)
none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880)
none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
none on /run/user type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=104857600,mode=0755)
none on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw)
/dev/md1 on /boot type ext3 (rw)
/dev/md3 on /home type ext4 (rw)
systemd on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,none,name=systemd)
Como posso ter certeza de que o Grub foi instalado corretamente?
a saída de sudo parted -l é:
$ sudo parted -l
Model: ATA TOSHIBA DT01ACA3 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 3001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
5 1049kB 2097kB 1049kB bios_grub
1 2097kB 8592MB 8590MB raid
2 8592MB 9129MB 537MB raid
3 9129MB 1109GB 1100GB raid
4 1109GB 3001GB 1892GB raid
Model: ATA TOSHIBA DT01ACA3 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 3001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
5 1049kB 2097kB 1049kB bios_grub
1 2097kB 8592MB 8590MB raid
2 8592MB 9129MB 537MB raid
3 9129MB 1109GB 1100GB raid
4 1109GB 3001GB 1892GB raid
Model: Linux Software RAID Array (md)
Disk /dev/md0: 8589MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: loop
Number Start End Size File system Flags
1 0.00B 8589MB 8589MB linux-swap(v1)
Model: Linux Software RAID Array (md)
Disk /dev/md1: 537MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: loop
Number Start End Size File system Flags
1 0.00B 537MB 537MB ext3
Model: Linux Software RAID Array (md)
Disk /dev/md2: 1100GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: loop
Number Start End Size File system Flags
1 0.00B 1100GB 1100GB ext4
Model: Linux Software RAID Array (md)
Disk /dev/md3: 1892GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: loop
Number Start End Size File system Flags
1 0.00B 1892GB 1892GB ext4
Na verdade, /dev/md1 é montado em /boot , e não o contrário. De qualquer forma, parece que você instalou o GRUB em sda e sdb , nenhum dos quais está montado em seu sistema. Isso não deve ser um problema e, como a instalação do sda será instalada no MBR do primeiro disco rígido, tudo bem. No entanto, para estar no lado seguro, você também pode tentar instalar na unidade do sistema:
sudo update-grub
sudo grub-install /dev/md