Você precisa instalar o libspeex-dev
sudo apt-get install libspeex-dev
Então, você terá o resultado abaixo:
saman@jack:~$ dpkg -l *speex*
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-==============-============-============-=================================
ii libspeex-dev:a 1.2~rc1.1-1u amd64 The Speex codec library developme
ii libspeex1:amd6 1.2~rc1.1-1u amd64 The Speex codec runtime library
ii libspeexdsp1:a 1.2~rc1.1-1u amd64 The Speex extended runtime librar
un speex <none> <none> (no description available)