Uma permissão é um controle de segurança. Um atributo se aplica independentemente da entidade de segurança que está tentando a operação.
Existem muito mais atributos do que você vê no prompt de comando. Estes incluem se o arquivo é um link, criptografado, diretório (um tipo de arquivo) e integridade (baixa, média ou alta).
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE
32 (0x20)
A file or directory that is an archive file or directory. Applications
typically use this attribute to mark files for backup or removal .
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED
2048 (0x800)
A file or directory that is compressed. For a file, all of the data in
the file is compressed. For a directory, compression is the default
for newly created files and subdirectories.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE
64 (0x40)
This value is reserved for system use.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY
16 (0x10)
The handle that identifies a directory.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED
16384 (0x4000)
A file or directory that is encrypted. For a file, all data streams in
the file are encrypted. For a directory, encryption is the default for
newly created files and subdirectories.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN
2 (0x2) The file or directory is hidden. It is
not included in an ordinary directory listing.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_INTEGRITY_STREAM
32768 (0x8000)
The directory or user data stream is configured with integrity (only
supported on ReFS volumes). It is not included in an ordinary
directory listing. The integrity setting persists with the file if
it's renamed. If a file is copied the destination file will have
integrity set if either the source file or destination directory have
integrity set.
Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 7, Windows Server 2008, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2003, and Windows XP: This flag is not
supported until Windows Server 2012.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL
128 (0x80)
A file that does not have other attributes set. This attribute is
valid only when used alone.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED
8192 (0x2000)
The file or directory is not to be indexed by the content indexing
service.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SCRUB_DATA
131072 (0x20000)
The user data stream not to be read by the background data integrity
scanner (AKA scrubber). When set on a directory it only provides
inheritance. This flag is only supported on Storage Spaces and ReFS
volumes. It is not included in an ordinary directory listing.
Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 7, Windows Server 2008, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2003, and Windows XP: This flag is not
supported until Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_OFFLINE
4096 (0x1000)
The data of a file is not available immediately. This attribute
indicates that the file data is physically moved to offline storage.
This attribute is used by Remote Storage, which is the hierarchical
storage management software. Applications should not arbitrarily
change this attribute.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY
1 (0x1)
A file that is read-only. Applications can read the file, but cannot
write to it or delete it. This attribute is not honored on
directories. For more information, see You cannot view or change the
Read-only or the System attributes of folders in Windows Server 2003,
in Windows XP, in Windows Vista or in Windows 7.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT
1024 (0x400)
A file or directory that has an associated reparse point, or a file
that is a symbolic link.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE
512 (0x200)
A file that is a sparse file.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM
4 (0x4)
A file or directory that the operating system uses a part of, or uses
exclusively.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY
256 (0x100)
A file that is being used for temporary storage. File systems avoid
writing data back to mass storage if sufficient cache memory is
available, because typically, an application deletes a temporary file
after the handle is closed. In that scenario, the system can entirely
avoid writing the data. Otherwise, the data is written after the
handle is closed.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_VIRTUAL
65536 (0x10000)
This value is reserved for system use.