The column labeled "Baseline Performance" indicates the percentage of single core performance of the underlying physical CPU allocated to the instance. For example, a t2.small instance has access to 20% of a single core of an Intel Xeon processor running at 2.5 GHz (up to 3.3 GHz in Turbo mode). A t2.medium has access to 40% of the performance of a single core, which you (or your operating system, to be a bit more precise) can use on one or both cores as dictated by demand.
The column labeled "CPU Credits / Hour" indicates the rate of CPU Credits that the T2 instance receives each hour. CPU Credits accumulate when the instance doesn't use its baseline allocation of CPU, and are spent when the instance is active. Unused CPU Credits are stored for up to 24 hours. [emphasis mine]