Veja RFC1122 , seção 2.3.2.1 - Validação de cache ARP:
IMPLEMENTATION: Four mechanisms have been used, sometimes in
combination, to flush out-of-date cache entries.[...]
(2) Unicast Poll -- Actively poll the remote host by periodically sending a point-to-point ARP Request to it, and delete the entry if no ARP Reply is received from N successive polls. Again, the
timeout should be on the order of a minute, and typically N is 2.
Além disso, arping
está usando solicitações ARP de difusão ponto a ponto para reduzir a quantidade de tráfego de transmissão.