Se você souber o nome do pacote, poderá listar todos os arquivos usando dpkg -L package
:
$ dpkg -L usb-creator-gtk
/usr/bin/usb-creator-gtk
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/usbcreator/frontends/gtk/__init__.py
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/usbcreator/frontends/gtk/frontend.py
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/usbcreator/frontends/gtk/unitysupport.py
/usr/share/applications/usb-creator-gtk.desktop
/usr/share/doc/usb-creator-gtk/changelog.gz
/usr/share/doc/usb-creator-gtk/copyright
/usr/share/icons/hicolor/scalable/apps/usb-creator-gtk.svg
/usr/share/man/man8/usb-creator-gtk.8.gz
/usr/share/usb-creator/usbcreator-gtk.ui
Neste caso, o binário é chamado /usr/bin/usb-creator-gtk