Eu tento preencher ou complementar o que o @SeanBright deixou:
Feature rpm deb
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View all installed packages rpm -qa dpkg -l, dpkg-query -Wf '${Package}\n'
View package info, installed package rpm -qi packagename (1) apt-cache show packagename
View pre/post install shell scripts rpm -q --scripts packagename cat /var/lib/dpkg/info/packagename.{pre,post}{inst,rm}
View changelog for a package file rpm -qp --changelog ./packagename.rpm dpkg-deb --fsys-tarfile packagename.deb | tar -O -xvf - ./usr/share/doc/packagename/changelog.gz | gunzip
Uninstall a package rpm -e packagename apt-get remove/purge packagename
Upgrade a package from a file rpm -Uvh ./packagename.rpm dpkg -i packagename.deb
Find which package owns a file rpm -qif /some/file.foo dpkg -S /dome/file.foo
List dependencies of a package rpm -q --requires packagename apt-cache depends package
List dependencies of a package file rpm -qp --requires ./packagename.rpm (shown in package's info)