Eu passei por este mesmo problema com uma implantação do Windows 10 Pro por meio do WDS. Eu determinei que também era um problema de driver ethernet e não consegui instalar o driver por meio do WDS, assim como você. Eu tive que adicionar o pacote do driver à imagem offline usando o DISM.
Siga as instruções em "Para adicionar drivers a uma imagem off-line usando o DISM" e use / forceuns porque, embora o driver seja da HP (no meu caso, Dell), ainda o force como não assinado.
At an elevated command prompt, locate the Windows Assessment and Deployment Kit (Windows ADK) servicing folder, and type the following command to retrieve the name or index number for the image that you want to modify. For example, type:
Dism /Get-ImageInfo /ImageFile:C:\test\images\install.wim
An index or name value is required for most operations that specify a WIM file. For a VHD file, you must specify /Index:1.
Mount the offline Windows image. For example, type:
Dism /Mount-Image /ImageFile:C:\test\images\install.wim /Name:"Windows Drive" /MountDir:C:\test\offline
Add a specific driver to the image. For example, type:
Dism /Image:C:\test\offline /Add-Driver /Driver:C:\drivers\mydriver.inf
Multiple drivers can be added on one command line if you specify a folder instead of an .inf file. To install all of the drivers in a folder and all its subfolders use the /recurse option. For example,
Dism /Image:C:\test\offline /Add-Driver /Driver:c:\drivers /Recurse
To install an unsigned driver, use /ForceUnsigned to override the requirement that drivers installed on X64-based computers must have a digital signature. For example,
Dism /Image:C:\test\offline /Add-Driver /Driver:C:\drivers\mydriver.inf /ForceUnsigned
Review the list of third-party driver (.inf) files in the Windows image. Drivers added to the Windows image are named Oem*.inf. This is to guarantee unique naming for new drivers added to the computer. For example, the files MyDriver1.inf and MyDriver2.inf are renamed Oem0.inf and Oem1.inf.
For example, type:
Dism /Image:C:\test\offline /Get-Drivers
Commit the changes and unmount the image. For example, type:
Dism /Unmount-Image /MountDir:C:\test\offline /Commit
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