Como Michael Hampton apontou, eu não li a mensagem de erro corretamente. Eu tinha instalado o Oracle Instant Client 'Basic Lite', enquanto o pacote SDK (oracle-instantclient12.1-devel) exigia o Oracle Instant Client 'Básico'.
Meu sucesso abaixo. O pacote sqlplus entrou ok também.
[~]: sudo rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient12.1-basic-12.1.0.2.0-1.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:oracle-instantclient12.########################################### [100%]
[~]: sudo rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient12.1-devel-12.1.0.2.0-1.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:oracle-instantclient12.########################################### [100%]
[~]: sudo rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient12.1-sqlplus-12.1.0.2.0-1.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:oracle-instantclient12.########################################### [100%]