Estou supondo que você entenda que esses dois comandos estão chamando uma versão diferente do tempo, certo?
versão integrada do bash
% time
tempo GNU aka. / usr / bin / time
% \time
O comando time embutido para bash pode ser lido aqui:
% help time
time: time [-p] PIPELINE
Execute PIPELINE and print a summary of the real time, user CPU time,
and system CPU time spent executing PIPELINE when it terminates.
The return status is the return status of PIPELINE. The '-p' option
prints the timing summary in a slightly different format. This uses
the value of the TIMEFORMAT variable as the output format.
O% GNUtime, /usr/bin/time , geralmente é mais útil que o interno.
Quanto ao seu problema de precisão, ele é abordado aqui neste githubist , especificamente:
Por que tempo bash é mais preciso que o tempo GNU?
The builtin bash command time gives milisecond precision of execution, and GNU time (usually /usr/bin/time) gives centisecond precision. The times(2) syscall gives times in clocks, and 100 clocks = 1 second (usually), so the precision is like GNU time. What is bash time using so that it is more precise?
Bash time internally uses getrusage() and GNU time uses times(). getrusage() is far more precise because of microsecond resolution.
Você pode ver os centésimos de segundo com o seguinte exemplo ( veja a quinta linha de saída ):
% /usr/bin/time -v sleep .22222
Command being timed: "sleep .22222"
User time (seconds): 0.00
System time (seconds): 0.00
Percent of CPU this job got: 0%
Elapsed (wall clock) time (h:mm:ss or m:ss): 0:00.22
Average shared text size (kbytes): 0
Average unshared data size (kbytes): 0
Average stack size (kbytes): 0
Average total size (kbytes): 0
Maximum resident set size (kbytes): 1968
Average resident set size (kbytes): 0
Major (requiring I/O) page faults: 0
Minor (reclaiming a frame) page faults: 153
Voluntary context switches: 2
Involuntary context switches: 1
Swaps: 0
File system inputs: 0
File system outputs: 0
Socket messages sent: 0
Socket messages received: 0
Signals delivered: 0
Page size (bytes): 4096
Exit status: 0
Mais resolução pode ser obtida usando o comando time do bash, como assim & você pode controlar a resolução:
# 3 places
% TIMEFORMAT='%3R'; time ( sleep .22222 )
0.224
Do Manual de bash sobre variáveis :
TIMEFORMAT
The value of this parameter is used as a format string specifying how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the time reserved word should be displayed. The ‘%’ character introduces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are as follows; the braces denote optional portions.
%%
A literal ‘%’.
%[p][l]R
The elapsed time in seconds.
%[p][l]U
The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.
%[p][l]S
The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.
%P
The CPU percentage, computed as (%U + %S) / %R.
The optional p is a digit specifying the precision, the number of fractional digits after a decimal point. A value of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output. At most three places after the decimal point may be specified; values of p greater than 3 are changed to 3. If p is not specified, the value 3 is used.
The optional l specifies a longer format, including minutes, of the form MMmSS.FFs. The value of p determines whether or not the fraction is included.
If this variable is not set, Bash acts as if it had the value
$'\nreal\t%3lR\nuser\t%3lU\nsys\t%3lS'
If the value is null, no timing information is displayed. A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed.