primeira pergunta no Unix & Linux - Eu realmente espero que alguém possa ajudar ...
Resumo (TL; DR)
No meu Kubuntu 14.4 (que tem python 2.7.6 como padrão) meu python é quebrado depois que eu tentei instalar python 2.7.10 depois de construir a partir de fonte de python.org com a ajuda de Como instalar a versão mais recente do Python na Debian separadamente ou atualizar? . Eu não sou capaz de consertá-lo com os comandos padrão Eu suspeito que meu dpkg é de alguma forma confuso / quebrado sobre a instalação do python. Eu gostaria de corrigir o dpkg nesse aspecto. Eu suspeito que isso tenha algo a ver com o arquivo /var/lib/dpkg/status e /var/lib/dpkg/available e /var/lib/dpkg/info/* particularily o primeiro. Eu acho que tenho que redefinir dpkg de alguma forma, mas eu sou realmente nenhum especialista. A razão pela qual eu acho que isso é:
$ apt-cache policy python
python:
Installed: 2.7.10-1
Candidate: 2.7.10-1
Version table:
*** 2.7.10-1 0
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
2.7.5-5ubuntu3 0
500 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
$ /usr/bin/python2.7
Python 2.7.6 (default, Jun 22 2015, 17:58:13)
[GCC 4.8.2] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()
O motivo pelo qual eu tentei instalar o python 2.7.10 é porque eu precisei dele para outro programa (por causa dos problemas com o ssl / openssl do python 2.7.6), mas agora eu só quero meu sistema reparado - apenas deixe ser python 2.7.6.
O técnico completo
Comecei a tentar resolver isso perguntando no ubuntu link mas eu não recebi nenhuma resposta lá. Talvez fosse a turma errada. Eu tentei um pouco desde então e tenho uma idéia do que é o problema, mas não sei os passos para conseguir isso.
Começou comigo não sendo possível instalar o muon com sudo apg-get install muon :
$ sudo apt-get install muon
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
muon : Depends: apt-xapian-index but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
O conselho típico (por exemplo, de link ) faz não ajuda:
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade -f
sudo apt-get -f install muon
ou
sudo apt-get -f install
ou
sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get install muon
ou
sudo apt-get -o dpkg::options::="--force-confnew" -o dpkg::options::="--force-confmiss" --reinstall install muon
não ajudou. Então eu tentei
$ sudo apt-get install apt-xapian-index
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
apt-xapian-index : Depends: python-xapian (>= 1.0.2) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: python-apt (>= 0.7.93.2) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: python-debian (>= 0.1.14) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.1-0ubuntu2)
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
e descobri que o problema é com outros programas, assim como
$ sudo apt-get install meld
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
meld : Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.1-0ubuntu2)
Depends: python-gtk2 (>= 2.14) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: python-glade2 (>= 2.14) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: python-gobject-2 (>= 2.16) but it is not going to be installed
Recommends: python-gnome2 but it is not going to be installed
Recommends: python-gconf but it is not going to be installed
Recommends: python-gtksourceview2 (>= 2.4) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
Então eu tentei (sem sorte)
$ sudo update-alternatives --config python
update-alternatives: error: no alternatives for python
O seguinte não ajudou:
sudo dpkg -P python2.7
sudo apt-get install python2.7
sudo dpkg -P python-minimal
sudo apt-get autoremove && sudo apt-get clean sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get -f install
Estou recebendo
$ apt-cache policy python
python:
Installed: 2.7.10-1
Candidate: 2.7.10-1
Version table:
*** 2.7.10-1 0
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
2.7.5-5ubuntu3 0
500 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
Tentar reinstalar o python não funciona
$ sudo apt-get -o dpkg::options::="--force-confnew" -o dpkg::options::="--force-confmiss" --reinstall install python
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Reinstallation of python is not possible, it cannot be downloaded.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 16 not upgraded.
ou
$ sudo apt-get -o dpkg::options::="--force-confnew" -o dpkg::options::="--force-confmiss" --reinstall install python2
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package python2
e tentar criar um desinstalador também não funciona:
~/Python-2.7.10$ sudo make uninstall
make: *** No rule to make target 'uninstall'. Stop.
Então comecei a suspeitar que tenho que consertar o dpkg de alguma forma, porque
$ apt-cache policy python
python:
Installed: 2.7.10-1
Candidate: 2.7.10-1
Version table:
*** 2.7.10-1 0
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
2.7.5-5ubuntu3 0
500 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
$ /usr/bin/python2.7
Python 2.7.6 (default, Jun 22 2015, 17:58:13)
[GCC 4.8.2] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()
Mais informações (Apêndice)
$ dpkg -l python* | grep -v ^un
Gewünscht=Unbekannt/Installieren/R=Entfernen/P=Vollständig Löschen/Halten
| Status=Nicht/Installiert/Config/U=Entpackt/halb konFiguriert/
Halb installiert/Trigger erWartet/Trigger anhängig
|/ Fehler?=(kein)/R=Neuinstallation notwendig (Status, Fehler: GROSS=schlecht)
||/ Name Version Architektur Beschreibung
+++-===========================================-=======================================-============-=====================================================================================================================================================================================================================
ii python 2.7.10-1 amd64 Python 2.7.10
ii python-apt-common 0.9.3.5ubuntu1 all Python interface to libapt-pkg (locales)
ii python-chardet-whl 2.2.1-2~ubuntu1 all universal character encoding detector
ii python-colorama-whl 0.2.5-0.1ubuntu2 all Cross-platform colored terminal text in Python - Wheels
ii python-cups 1.9.66-0ubuntu2 amd64 Python bindings for CUPS
rc python-cupshelpers 1.4.3+20140219-0ubuntu2.6 all Python modules for printer configuration with CUPS
ii python-dbus-dev 1.2.0-2build2 all main loop integration development files for python-dbus
ii python-distlib-whl 0.1.8-1ubuntu1 all low-level components of python distutils2/packaging
rc python-gobject-2 2.28.6-12build1 amd64 deprecated static Python bindings for the GObject library
ii python-html5lib-whl 0.999-3~ubuntu1 all HTML parser/tokenizer based on the WHATWG HTML5 specification
ii python-ldb 1:1.1.16-1 amd64 Python bindings for LDB
ii python-minimal 2.7.5-5ubuntu3 amd64 minimal subset of the Python language (default version)
ii python-ntdb 1.0-2ubuntu1 amd64 Python bindings for NTDB
ii python-pam 0.4.2-13.1ubuntu3 amd64 Python interface to the PAM library
ii python-pip-whl 1.5.4-1ubuntu3 all alternative Python package installer
ii python-renderpm 3.0-1build1 amd64 python low level render interface
ii python-reportlab-accel 3.0-1build1 amd64 C coded extension accelerator for the ReportLab Toolkit
ii python-requests-whl 2.2.1-1ubuntu0.3 all elegant and simple HTTP library for Python, built for human beings
ii python-setuptools-whl 3.3-1ubuntu2 all Python Distutils Enhancements (wheel package)
ii python-six-whl 1.5.2-1ubuntu1 all Python 2 and 3 compatibility library (universal wheel)
rc python-support 1.0.15 all automated rebuilding support for Python modules
ii python-talloc 2.1.0-1 amd64 hierarchical pool based memory allocator - Python bindings
ii python-tdb 1.2.12-1 amd64 Python bindings for TDB
ii python-twisted-bin 13.2.0-1ubuntu1 amd64 Event-based framework for internet applications
rc python-twisted-core 13.2.0-1ubuntu1 all Event-based framework for internet applications
rc python-ubuntu-sso-client 13.10-0ubuntu6 all Ubuntu Single Sign-On client - Python library
ii python-urllib3-whl 1.7.1-1ubuntu3 all HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling
ii python2.7 2.7.6-8ubuntu0.2 amd64 Interactive high-level object-oriented language (version 2.7)
ii python2.7-minimal 2.7.6-8ubuntu0.2 amd64 Minimal subset of the Python language (version 2.7)
ii python3 3.4.0-0ubuntu2 amd64 interactive high-level object-oriented language (default python3 version)
ii python3-apport 2.14.1-0ubuntu3.11 all Python 3 library for Apport crash report handling
ii python3-apt 0.9.3.5ubuntu1 amd64 Python 3 interface to libapt-pkg
ii python3-aptdaemon 1.1.1-1ubuntu5.2 all Python 3 module for the server and client of aptdaemon
ii python3-chardet 2.2.1-2~ubuntu1 all universal character encoding detector for Python3
ii python3-colorama 0.2.5-0.1ubuntu2 all Cross-platform colored terminal text in Python - Python 3.x
ii python3-commandnotfound 0.3ubuntu12 all Python 3 bindings for command-not-found.
ii python3-dbus 1.2.0-2build2 amd64 simple interprocess messaging system (Python 3 interface)
ii python3-dbus.mainloop.qt 4.10.4+dfsg-1ubuntu1 amd64 D-Bus Support for PyQt4 with Python 3
ii python3-debian 0.1.21+nmu2ubuntu2 all Python 3 modules to work with Debian-related data formats
ii python3-defer 1.0.6-2build1 all Small framework for asynchronous programming (Python 3)
ii python3-dev 3.4.0-0ubuntu2 amd64 header files and a static library for Python (default)
ii python3-distlib 0.1.8-1ubuntu1 all low-level components of python distutils2/packaging
ii python3-distupgrade 1:0.220.7 all manage release upgrades
ii python3-gdbm:amd64 3.4.0-0ubuntu1 amd64 GNU dbm database support for Python 3.x
ii python3-gi 3.12.0-1ubuntu1 amd64 Python 3 bindings for gobject-introspection libraries
ii python3-html5lib 0.999-3~ubuntu1 all HTML parser/tokenizer based on the WHATWG HTML5 specification (Python 3)
ii python3-minimal 3.4.0-0ubuntu2 amd64 minimal subset of the Python language (default python3 version)
ii python3-pip 1.5.4-1ubuntu3 all alternative Python package installer - Python 3 version of the package
ii python3-pkg-resources 3.3-1ubuntu2 all Package Discovery and Resource Access using pkg_resources
ii python3-problem-report 2.14.1-0ubuntu3.11 all Python 3 library to handle problem reports
ii python3-pycurl 7.19.3-0ubuntu3 amd64 Python 3 bindings to libcurl
ii python3-pykde4 4:4.13.3-0ubuntu0.1 amd64 Python 3 bindings for the KDE Development Platform
ii python3-pyqt4 4.10.4+dfsg-1ubuntu1 amd64 Python3 bindings for Qt4
ii python3-requests 2.2.1-1ubuntu0.3 all elegant and simple HTTP library for Python3, built for human beings
ii python3-setuptools 3.3-1ubuntu2 all Python3 Distutils Enhancements
ii python3-sip 4.15.5-1build1 amd64 Python 3/C++ bindings generator runtime library
ii python3-six 1.5.2-1ubuntu1 all Python 2 and 3 compatibility library (Python 3 interface)
ii python3-software-properties 0.92.37.3 all manage the repositories that you install software from
ii python3-uno 1:4.2.8-0ubuntu2 amd64 Python-UNO bridge
ii python3-update-manager 1:0.196.13 all python 3.x module for update-manager
ii python3-urllib3 1.7.1-1ubuntu3 all HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling for Python3
ii python3-wheel 0.24.0-1~ubuntu1 all built-package format for Python
ii python3-xkit 0.5.0ubuntu2 all library for the manipulation of xorg.conf files (Python 3)
ii python3.4 3.4.0-2ubuntu1.1 amd64 Interactive high-level object-oriented language (version 3.4)
ii python3.4-dev 3.4.0-2ubuntu1.1 amd64 Header files and a static library for Python (v3.4)
ii python3.4-minimal 3.4.0-2ubuntu1.1 amd64 Minimal subset of the Python language (version 3.4)
$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS
Release: 14.04
Codename: trusty
$ grep -P '^[ \t]*[^#[ \t]+' /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.list
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty universe
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty universe
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty multiverse
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty multiverse
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main restricted
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main restricted
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security universe
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security universe
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security multiverse
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security multiverse
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://cran.uni-muenster.de/bin/linux/ubuntu trusty/
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/fossfreedom-packagefixes-trusty.list:deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/fossfreedom/packagefixes/ubuntu trusty main
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/jitsi.list:deb http://download.jitsi.org/deb unstable/
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/leviatan1-ppa-trusty.list:deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/leviatan1/ppa/ubuntu trusty main
$ whereis python
python: /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python3.4-config /usr/bin/python3.4 /usr/bin/python3.4m /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python3.4m-config /etc/python /etc/python3.4 /etc/python2.7 /usr/lib/python3.4 /usr/lib/python2.7 /usr/bin/X11/python /usr/bin/X11/python3.4-config /usr/bin/X11/python3.4 /usr/bin/X11/python3.4m /usr/bin/X11/python2.7 /usr/bin/X11/python3.4m-config /usr/local/lib/python3.4 /usr/local/lib/python2.7 /usr/include/python3.4 /usr/include/python3.4m /usr/share/python /usr/share/man/man1/python.1.gz
$ whereis python2.7
python2: /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python2 /etc/python2.7 /usr/lib/python2.7 /usr/bin/X11/python2.7 /usr/bin/X11/python2 /usr/local/lib/python2.7 /usr/share/man/man1/python2.1.gz