Reparando a configuração do python

13

primeira pergunta no Unix & Linux - Eu realmente espero que alguém possa ajudar ...

Resumo (TL; DR)

No meu Kubuntu 14.4 (que tem python 2.7.6 como padrão) meu python é quebrado depois que eu tentei instalar python 2.7.10 depois de construir a partir de fonte de python.org com a ajuda de Como instalar a versão mais recente do Python na Debian separadamente ou atualizar? . Eu não sou capaz de consertá-lo com os comandos padrão Eu suspeito que meu dpkg é de alguma forma confuso / quebrado sobre a instalação do python. Eu gostaria de corrigir o dpkg nesse aspecto. Eu suspeito que isso tenha algo a ver com o arquivo /var/lib/dpkg/status e /var/lib/dpkg/available e /var/lib/dpkg/info/* particularily o primeiro. Eu acho que tenho que redefinir dpkg de alguma forma, mas eu sou realmente nenhum especialista. A razão pela qual eu acho que isso é:

$ apt-cache policy python
python:
  Installed: 2.7.10-1
  Candidate: 2.7.10-1
  Version table:
*** 2.7.10-1 0
    100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
2.7.5-5ubuntu3 0
    500 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages

$ /usr/bin/python2.7
Python 2.7.6 (default, Jun 22 2015, 17:58:13) 
[GCC 4.8.2] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()

O motivo pelo qual eu tentei instalar o python 2.7.10 é porque eu precisei dele para outro programa (por causa dos problemas com o ssl / openssl do python 2.7.6), mas agora eu só quero meu sistema reparado - apenas deixe ser python 2.7.6.

O técnico completo

Comecei a tentar resolver isso perguntando no ubuntu link mas eu não recebi nenhuma resposta lá. Talvez fosse a turma errada. Eu tentei um pouco desde então e tenho uma idéia do que é o problema, mas não sei os passos para conseguir isso.

Começou comigo não sendo possível instalar o muon com sudo apg-get install muon :

$ sudo apt-get install muon
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 muon : Depends: apt-xapian-index but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

O conselho típico (por exemplo, de link ) faz não ajuda:

sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade -f
sudo apt-get -f install muon

ou

sudo apt-get -f install

ou

sudo dpkg --configure -a 
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get install muon

ou

sudo apt-get -o dpkg::options::="--force-confnew" -o dpkg::options::="--force-confmiss" --reinstall install muon

não ajudou. Então eu tentei

$ sudo apt-get install apt-xapian-index
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 apt-xapian-index : Depends: python-xapian (>= 1.0.2) but it is not going to be installed
                    Depends: python-apt (>= 0.7.93.2) but it is not going to be installed
                    Depends: python-debian (>= 0.1.14) but it is not going to be installed
                    Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.1-0ubuntu2)
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

e descobri que o problema é com outros programas, assim como

$ sudo apt-get install meld 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 meld : Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.1-0ubuntu2)
        Depends: python-gtk2 (>= 2.14) but it is not going to be installed
        Depends: python-glade2 (>= 2.14) but it is not going to be installed
        Depends: python-gobject-2 (>= 2.16) but it is not going to be installed
        Recommends: python-gnome2 but it is not going to be installed
        Recommends: python-gconf but it is not going to be installed
        Recommends: python-gtksourceview2 (>= 2.4) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

Então eu tentei (sem sorte)

$ sudo update-alternatives --config python
update-alternatives: error: no alternatives for python

O seguinte não ajudou:

sudo dpkg -P python2.7
sudo apt-get install python2.7
sudo dpkg -P python-minimal
sudo apt-get autoremove && sudo apt-get clean sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get -f install

Estou recebendo

$ apt-cache policy python
python:
  Installed: 2.7.10-1
  Candidate: 2.7.10-1
  Version table:
*** 2.7.10-1 0
    100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
2.7.5-5ubuntu3 0
    500 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages

Tentar reinstalar o python não funciona

$ sudo apt-get -o dpkg::options::="--force-confnew" -o dpkg::options::="--force-confmiss" --reinstall install python
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Reinstallation of python is not possible, it cannot be downloaded.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 16 not upgraded.

ou

$ sudo apt-get -o dpkg::options::="--force-confnew" -o dpkg::options::="--force-confmiss" --reinstall install python2
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package python2

e tentar criar um desinstalador também não funciona:

~/Python-2.7.10$ sudo make uninstall 
make: *** No rule to make target 'uninstall'.  Stop.

Então comecei a suspeitar que tenho que consertar o dpkg de alguma forma, porque

$ apt-cache policy python
python:
  Installed: 2.7.10-1
  Candidate: 2.7.10-1
  Version table:
*** 2.7.10-1 0
    100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
2.7.5-5ubuntu3 0
    500 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages

$ /usr/bin/python2.7
Python 2.7.6 (default, Jun 22 2015, 17:58:13) 
[GCC 4.8.2] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()

Mais informações (Apêndice)

$ dpkg -l python* | grep -v ^un
Gewünscht=Unbekannt/Installieren/R=Entfernen/P=Vollständig Löschen/Halten
| Status=Nicht/Installiert/Config/U=Entpackt/halb konFiguriert/
    Halb installiert/Trigger erWartet/Trigger anhängig
|/ Fehler?=(kein)/R=Neuinstallation notwendig (Status, Fehler: GROSS=schlecht)
||/ Name                                        Version                                 Architektur  Beschreibung
+++-===========================================-=======================================-============-=====================================================================================================================================================================================================================
ii  python                                      2.7.10-1                                amd64        Python 2.7.10
ii  python-apt-common                           0.9.3.5ubuntu1                          all          Python interface to libapt-pkg (locales)
ii  python-chardet-whl                          2.2.1-2~ubuntu1                         all          universal character encoding detector
ii  python-colorama-whl                         0.2.5-0.1ubuntu2                        all          Cross-platform colored terminal text in Python - Wheels
ii  python-cups                                 1.9.66-0ubuntu2                         amd64        Python bindings for CUPS
rc  python-cupshelpers                          1.4.3+20140219-0ubuntu2.6               all          Python modules for printer configuration with CUPS
ii  python-dbus-dev                             1.2.0-2build2                           all          main loop integration development files for python-dbus
ii  python-distlib-whl                          0.1.8-1ubuntu1                          all          low-level components of python distutils2/packaging
rc  python-gobject-2                            2.28.6-12build1                         amd64        deprecated static Python bindings for the GObject library
ii  python-html5lib-whl                         0.999-3~ubuntu1                         all          HTML parser/tokenizer based on the WHATWG HTML5 specification
ii  python-ldb                                  1:1.1.16-1                              amd64        Python bindings for LDB
ii  python-minimal                              2.7.5-5ubuntu3                          amd64        minimal subset of the Python language (default version)
ii  python-ntdb                                 1.0-2ubuntu1                            amd64        Python bindings for NTDB
ii  python-pam                                  0.4.2-13.1ubuntu3                       amd64        Python interface to the PAM library
ii  python-pip-whl                              1.5.4-1ubuntu3                          all          alternative Python package installer
ii  python-renderpm                             3.0-1build1                             amd64        python low level render interface
ii  python-reportlab-accel                      3.0-1build1                             amd64        C coded extension accelerator for the ReportLab Toolkit
ii  python-requests-whl                         2.2.1-1ubuntu0.3                        all          elegant and simple HTTP library for Python, built for human beings
ii  python-setuptools-whl                       3.3-1ubuntu2                            all          Python Distutils Enhancements (wheel package)
ii  python-six-whl                              1.5.2-1ubuntu1                          all          Python 2 and 3 compatibility library (universal wheel)                                               
rc  python-support                              1.0.15                                  all          automated rebuilding support for Python modules                                                      
ii  python-talloc                               2.1.0-1                                 amd64        hierarchical pool based memory allocator - Python bindings                                           
ii  python-tdb                                  1.2.12-1                                amd64        Python bindings for TDB                                                                              
ii  python-twisted-bin                          13.2.0-1ubuntu1                         amd64        Event-based framework for internet applications                                                      
rc  python-twisted-core                         13.2.0-1ubuntu1                         all          Event-based framework for internet applications                                                      
rc  python-ubuntu-sso-client                    13.10-0ubuntu6                          all          Ubuntu Single Sign-On client - Python library                                                        
ii  python-urllib3-whl                          1.7.1-1ubuntu3                          all          HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling                                                     
ii  python2.7                                   2.7.6-8ubuntu0.2                        amd64        Interactive high-level object-oriented language (version 2.7)                                        
ii  python2.7-minimal                           2.7.6-8ubuntu0.2                        amd64        Minimal subset of the Python language (version 2.7)                                                  
ii  python3                                     3.4.0-0ubuntu2                          amd64        interactive high-level object-oriented language (default python3 version)                            
ii  python3-apport                              2.14.1-0ubuntu3.11                      all          Python 3 library for Apport crash report handling                                                    
ii  python3-apt                                 0.9.3.5ubuntu1                          amd64        Python 3 interface to libapt-pkg                                                                     
ii  python3-aptdaemon                           1.1.1-1ubuntu5.2                        all          Python 3 module for the server and client of aptdaemon                                               
ii  python3-chardet                             2.2.1-2~ubuntu1                         all          universal character encoding detector for Python3                                                    
ii  python3-colorama                            0.2.5-0.1ubuntu2                        all          Cross-platform colored terminal text in Python - Python 3.x                                          
ii  python3-commandnotfound                     0.3ubuntu12                             all          Python 3 bindings for command-not-found.                                                             
ii  python3-dbus                                1.2.0-2build2                           amd64        simple interprocess messaging system (Python 3 interface)                                            
ii  python3-dbus.mainloop.qt                    4.10.4+dfsg-1ubuntu1                    amd64        D-Bus Support for PyQt4 with Python 3
ii  python3-debian                              0.1.21+nmu2ubuntu2                      all          Python 3 modules to work with Debian-related data formats
ii  python3-defer                               1.0.6-2build1                           all          Small framework for asynchronous programming (Python 3)
ii  python3-dev                                 3.4.0-0ubuntu2                          amd64        header files and a static library for Python (default)
ii  python3-distlib                             0.1.8-1ubuntu1                          all          low-level components of python distutils2/packaging
ii  python3-distupgrade                         1:0.220.7                               all          manage release upgrades
ii  python3-gdbm:amd64                          3.4.0-0ubuntu1                          amd64        GNU dbm database support for Python 3.x
ii  python3-gi                                  3.12.0-1ubuntu1                         amd64        Python 3 bindings for gobject-introspection libraries
ii  python3-html5lib                            0.999-3~ubuntu1                         all          HTML parser/tokenizer based on the WHATWG HTML5 specification (Python 3)
ii  python3-minimal                             3.4.0-0ubuntu2                          amd64        minimal subset of the Python language (default python3 version)
ii  python3-pip                                 1.5.4-1ubuntu3                          all          alternative Python package installer - Python 3 version of the package
ii  python3-pkg-resources                       3.3-1ubuntu2                            all          Package Discovery and Resource Access using pkg_resources
ii  python3-problem-report                      2.14.1-0ubuntu3.11                      all          Python 3 library to handle problem reports
ii  python3-pycurl                              7.19.3-0ubuntu3                         amd64        Python 3 bindings to libcurl
ii  python3-pykde4                              4:4.13.3-0ubuntu0.1                     amd64        Python 3 bindings for the KDE Development Platform
ii  python3-pyqt4                               4.10.4+dfsg-1ubuntu1                    amd64        Python3 bindings for Qt4
ii  python3-requests                            2.2.1-1ubuntu0.3                        all          elegant and simple HTTP library for Python3, built for human beings
ii  python3-setuptools                          3.3-1ubuntu2                            all          Python3 Distutils Enhancements
ii  python3-sip                                 4.15.5-1build1                          amd64        Python 3/C++ bindings generator runtime library
ii  python3-six                                 1.5.2-1ubuntu1                          all          Python 2 and 3 compatibility library (Python 3 interface)
ii  python3-software-properties                 0.92.37.3                               all          manage the repositories that you install software from
ii  python3-uno                                 1:4.2.8-0ubuntu2                        amd64        Python-UNO bridge
ii  python3-update-manager                      1:0.196.13                              all          python 3.x module for update-manager
ii  python3-urllib3                             1.7.1-1ubuntu3                          all          HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling for Python3
ii  python3-wheel                               0.24.0-1~ubuntu1                        all          built-package format for Python
ii  python3-xkit                                0.5.0ubuntu2                            all          library for the manipulation of xorg.conf files (Python 3)
ii  python3.4                                   3.4.0-2ubuntu1.1                        amd64        Interactive high-level object-oriented language (version 3.4)
ii  python3.4-dev                               3.4.0-2ubuntu1.1                        amd64        Header files and a static library for Python (v3.4)
ii  python3.4-minimal                           3.4.0-2ubuntu1.1                        amd64        Minimal subset of the Python language (version 3.4)
$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS
Release:        14.04
Codename:       trusty
$ grep -P '^[ \t]*[^#[ \t]+' /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.list
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty universe
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty universe
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty multiverse
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty multiverse
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main restricted
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main restricted
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security universe
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security universe
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security multiverse
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security multiverse
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://cran.uni-muenster.de/bin/linux/ubuntu trusty/
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/fossfreedom-packagefixes-trusty.list:deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/fossfreedom/packagefixes/ubuntu trusty main
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/jitsi.list:deb http://download.jitsi.org/deb unstable/
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/leviatan1-ppa-trusty.list:deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/leviatan1/ppa/ubuntu trusty main
$ whereis python
python: /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python3.4-config /usr/bin/python3.4 /usr/bin/python3.4m /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python3.4m-config /etc/python /etc/python3.4 /etc/python2.7 /usr/lib/python3.4 /usr/lib/python2.7 /usr/bin/X11/python /usr/bin/X11/python3.4-config /usr/bin/X11/python3.4 /usr/bin/X11/python3.4m /usr/bin/X11/python2.7 /usr/bin/X11/python3.4m-config /usr/local/lib/python3.4 /usr/local/lib/python2.7 /usr/include/python3.4 /usr/include/python3.4m /usr/share/python /usr/share/man/man1/python.1.gz
$ whereis python2.7
python2: /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python2 /etc/python2.7 /usr/lib/python2.7 /usr/bin/X11/python2.7 /usr/bin/X11/python2 /usr/local/lib/python2.7 /usr/share/man/man1/python2.1.gz
    
por Make42 28.07.2015 / 21:43

1 resposta

19

Você instalou pacotes Python que são mais recentes do que os fornecidos pela sua distribuição. Por exemplo, você tem python versão 2.7.10-1 instalada, mas sua distribuição possui apenas a versão 2.7.5-5ubuntu3.

O APT não faz downgrade de pacotes, a menos que seja explicitamente solicitado. Por exemplo, se você tentar instalar um pacote que dependa da versão exata do Python, ele não funcionará, porque o pacote python não pode ser rebaixado. Mesmo apt-get --reinstall install python falha porque o APT não fará o downgrade do Python para 2.7.5.

Para reparar seu sistema, você precisa permitir que o APT realize downgrades. Para fazer isso, defina as preferências do APT . Crie um arquivo /etc/apt/preferences.d/allow-downgrade contendo

Package: *
Pin: release o=Ubuntu
Pin-Priority: 1001

Os arquivos em /etc/apt/preferences.d (mais /etc/apt/preferences ) contêm declarações de prioridade que substituem a seleção padrão quando várias versões de um pacote estão disponíveis, o que “prefere a versão mais recente da distribuição de destino”. Dar a um pacote uma prioridade acima de 1000 faz com que seja preferido mesmo que seja uma versão mais antiga que um pacote com prioridade mais baixa. Pacotes instalados têm prioridade 500, então o pacote do Ubuntu ganha. Para mais informações, consulte:

man apt_preferences

Acho que, depois de definir essas prioridades, você pode executar

apt-get update
apt-get upgrade

para fazer o downgrade de todos os seus pacotes para a versão no Ubuntu (os pacotes que não estiverem no Ubuntu não serão removidos). Execute também apt-get -f install e não tente instalar nenhum outro software até que isso seja concluído com êxito.

Quando tudo estiver desclassificado, remova o arquivo de preferências e execute apt-get update novamente.

    
por 29.07.2015 / 03:05