Perl e Python erroneamente interpretados via shebang no Linux

Question

Perl e Python erroneamente interpretados via shebang no Linux

#1 resposta do (15 votos)

6

Todos os meus scripts Python e Perl simplesmente NÃO são interpretados via shebang. Nunca. Mas eles funcionam como esperado quando eu chamo explicitamente o binário.

Eu verifiquei duas vezes minhas instalações em Perl e Python, é muito estranho: a execução do modo shebang funciona muito bem no chroot do sistema de destino em um host sã, mas não no sistema em execução real.

Eu trabalho em um sistema Linux caseiro que funcionou muito bem antes que o problema aparecesse. Veja por si mesmo:

Um teste no programa 'xscreensaver-text' Perl, uma vez via shebang e depois com o interpretador na CLI:

$ LC_ALL=C LANG=C /usr/bin/xscreensaver-text
/usr/bin/xscreensaver-text: line 23: require: command not found
/usr/bin/xscreensaver-text: line 25: use: command not found
/usr/bin/xscreensaver-text: line 29: BEGIN: command not found
/usr/bin/xscreensaver-text: line 31: use: command not found
/usr/bin/xscreensaver-text: line 32: syntax error near unexpected token '('
/usr/bin/xscreensaver-text: line 32: 'use POSIX qw(strftime);'

$ LC_ALL=C LANG=C perl /usr/bin/xscreensaver-text
poopy
Linux 3.11.1

Sat Oct  5 23:07:33 2013

up 11:35,  2 users
load average: 0.09, 0.08, 0.06

SO isso para programas Perl, mas o mesmo acontece com scripts Python. Temos andado a mexer com codificações e terminfo's e diferentes kernel, ainda sem sucesso. Eu até reconstruí todo o meu sistema. Funciona muito bem em um chroot env, mas depois que eu inicializo tenho esse problema.

Aqui está uma saída strace:

$ LC_ALL=C LANG=C strace /usr/bin/xscreensaver-text
execve("/usr/bin/xscreensaver-text", ["/usr/bin/xscreensaver-text"], [/* 50 vars */]) = -1 ENOEXEC (Exec format error)
write(2, "strace: exec: Exec format error\n", 32strace: exec: Exec format error
) = 32
exit_group(1)                           = ?
+++ exited with 1 +++

$ LC_ALL=C LANG=C strace perl /usr/bin/xscreensaver-text
execve("/usr/bin/perl", ["perl", "/usr/bin/xscreensaver-text"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(0)                                  = 0x601000
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7ff12e312000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=240674, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 240674, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7ff12e2d7000
close(3)                                = 0
open("/usr/lib64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "7ELF$ cat /usr/bin/xscreensaver-text
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
# Copyright � 2005-2013 Jamie Zawinski 
#
#
# Created: 19-Mar-2005.

require 5;
#use diagnostics;   # Fails on some MacOS 10.5 systems
use strict;

# Some Linux systems don't install LWP by default!
# Only error out if we're actually loading a URL instead of local data.
BEGIN { eval 'use LWP::UserAgent;' }
--*snip*--
$ LC_ALL=C LANG=C /usr/bin/xscreensaver-text
/usr/bin/xscreensaver-text: line 23: require: command not found
/usr/bin/xscreensaver-text: line 25: use: command not found
/usr/bin/xscreensaver-text: line 29: BEGIN: command not found
/usr/bin/xscreensaver-text: line 31: use: command not found
/usr/bin/xscreensaver-text: line 32: syntax error near unexpected token '('
/usr/bin/xscreensaver-text: line 32: 'use POSIX qw(strftime);'

$ LC_ALL=C LANG=C perl /usr/bin/xscreensaver-text
poopy
Linux 3.11.1

Sat Oct  5 23:07:33 2013

up 11:35,  2 users
load average: 0.09, 0.08, 0.06
$ LC_ALL=C LANG=C strace /usr/bin/xscreensaver-text
execve("/usr/bin/xscreensaver-text", ["/usr/bin/xscreensaver-text"], [/* 50 vars */]) = -1 ENOEXEC (Exec format error)
write(2, "strace: exec: Exec format error\n", 32strace: exec: Exec format error
) = 32
exit_group(1)                           = ?
+++ exited with 1 +++

$ LC_ALL=C LANG=C strace perl /usr/bin/xscreensaver-text
execve("/usr/bin/perl", ["perl", "/usr/bin/xscreensaver-text"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(0)                                  = 0x601000
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7ff12e312000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=240674, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 240674, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7ff12e2d7000
close(3)                                = 0
open("/usr/lib64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "7ELF$ cat /usr/bin/xscreensaver-text
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
# Copyright � 2005-2013 Jamie Zawinski 
#
#
# Created: 19-Mar-2005.

require 5;
#use diagnostics;   # Fails on some MacOS 10.5 systems
use strict;

# Some Linux systems don't install LWP by default!
# Only error out if we're actually loading a URL instead of local data.
BEGIN { eval 'use LWP::UserAgent;' }
--*snip*--
%pre%%pre%%pre%%pre%%pre%%pre%%pre%%pre%%pre%>%pre%%pre%%pre%%pre% %pre%%pre%%pre%%pre%%pre%"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868472, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3981888, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7ff12dd24000
mprotect(0x7ff12dee6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7ff12e0e6000, 24576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1c2000) = 0x7ff12e0e6000
mmap(0x7ff12e0ec000, 16960, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7ff12e0ec000
close(3)                                = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7ff12e2d6000
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7ff12e2d4000
arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_FS, 0x7ff12e2d4740) = 0
mprotect(0x7ff12e0e6000, 16384, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7ff12e313000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
munmap(0x7ff12e2d7000, 240674)          = 0
brk(0)                                  = 0x601000
brk(0x622000)                           = 0x622000
clone(child_stack=0, flags=CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID|CLONE_CHILD_SETTID|SIGCHLD, child_tidptr=0x7ff12e2d4a10) = 5680
wait4(5680, poopy
Linux 3.11.1

Sat Oct  5 23:11:49 2013

up 11:39,  2 users
load average: 0.08, 0.12, 0.08

[{WIFEXITED(s) && WEXITSTATUS(s) == 0}], 0, NULL) = 5680
--- SIGCHLD {si_signo=SIGCHLD, si_code=CLD_EXITED, si_pid=5680, si_status=0, si_utime=2, si_stime=0} ---
exit_group(0)                           = ?
+++ exited with 0 +++
%pre%%pre%%pre%%pre%%pre%%pre%%pre%>%pre%%pre%%pre%%pre% %pre%%pre%%pre%%pre%%pre%"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868472, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3981888, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7ff12dd24000
mprotect(0x7ff12dee6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7ff12e0e6000, 24576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1c2000) = 0x7ff12e0e6000
mmap(0x7ff12e0ec000, 16960, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7ff12e0ec000
close(3)                                = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7ff12e2d6000
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7ff12e2d4000
arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_FS, 0x7ff12e2d4740) = 0
mprotect(0x7ff12e0e6000, 16384, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7ff12e313000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
munmap(0x7ff12e2d7000, 240674)          = 0
brk(0)                                  = 0x601000
brk(0x622000)                           = 0x622000
clone(child_stack=0, flags=CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID|CLONE_CHILD_SETTID|SIGCHLD, child_tidptr=0x7ff12e2d4a10) = 5680
wait4(5680, poopy
Linux 3.11.1

Sat Oct  5 23:11:49 2013

up 11:39,  2 users
load average: 0.08, 0.12, 0.08

[{WIFEXITED(s) && WEXITSTATUS(s) == 0}], 0, NULL) = 5680
--- SIGCHLD {si_signo=SIGCHLD, si_code=CLD_EXITED, si_pid=5680, si_status=0, si_utime=2, si_stime=0} ---
exit_group(0)                           = ?
+++ exited with 0 +++

Conteúdo (apenas o começo) do script:

%pre%

bash shebang linux interpreter

por appzer0 05.10.2013 / 23:15

1 resposta

Tags bash shebang linux interpreter

Como entender o formato de hora do unix? se a instrução em .bashrc não estiver funcionando corretamente

score 15 · Accepted Answer

Seu kernel foi compilado sem CONFIG_BINFMT_SCRIPT=y . Esta configuração controla o suporte shebang.

De make menuconfig :

Symbol: BINFMT_SCRIPT [=y]                                             
   Type  : tristate                                                    
   Prompt: Kernel support for scripts starting with #!                 
     Location:                                                         
   (1) -> Executable file formats / Emulations                         
     Defined at fs/Kconfig.binfmt:68

Reconfigure e recompile seu kernel. (Tecnicamente, ele também pode ser construído como um módulo, mas não faz sentido fazer algo tão fundamental quanto #! support.)