O Initramfs no meu sistema de testes Debian não é capaz de carregar automaticamente módulos de kernel necessários para HDD USB 3 externo (Seagate Backup Plus 1T) se já estiver conectado quando o initramfs foi iniciado. Se eu inicializar no shell initramfs, conecte o cabo e conecte-o novamente, então o dispositivo aparecerá e eu poderei montá-lo.
Eu não preciso deste dispositivo no initramfs, mas /dev/ filesystem criado pelo initramfs é passado para o sistema operacional principal, onde eu preciso dele. Eu tenho que ligar e desligar o cabo para tornar o dispositivo utilizável.
Como faço para configurar o initramfs para instalar este dispositivo? Ou como dizer ao sistema operacional principal para percorrer os barramentos de hardware e lidar com todos os dispositivos que o udev no initramfs perdeu?
Informações adicionais
Depois de ligar e desligar o dispositivo, dois novos módulos são carregados:
# lsmod
Module Size Used by
uas 24576 0
usb_storage 69632 1 uas
Estes módulos estão disponíveis na imagem initramfs:
# lsinitramfs /boot/initrd.img-4.6.0-1-amd64 |grep -E '(uas|usb-storage)'
lib/modules/4.6.0-1-amd64/kernel/drivers/usb/storage/usb-storage.ko
lib/modules/4.6.0-1-amd64/kernel/drivers/usb/storage/uas.ko
uname , dmesg e lsusb output após o dispositivo de conexão:
# uname -a
Linux pingwin 4.6.0-1-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.6.4-1 (2016-07-18) x86_64 GNU/Linux
# dmesg
[ 53.412599] usb 2-2: new SuperSpeed USB device number 2 using xhci_hcd
[ 53.429652] usb 2-2: New USB device found, idVendor=0bc2, idProduct=ab24
[ 53.429659] usb 2-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=2, Product=3, SerialNumber=1
[ 53.429662] usb 2-2: Product: BUP Slim BK
[ 53.429664] usb 2-2: Manufacturer: Seagate
[ 53.429667] usb 2-2: SerialNumber: NA7K016V
[ 53.455444] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
[ 53.458787] scsi host6: uas
[ 53.458962] usbcore: registered new interface driver uas
[ 53.459440] scsi 6:0:0:0: Direct-Access Seagate BUP Slim BK 0302 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[ 53.497569] sd 6:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0
[ 53.497586] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Spinning up disk...
[ 54.503950] ...ready
[ 56.518071] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] 1953525167 512-byte logical blocks: (1.00 TB/932 GiB)
[ 56.518077] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] 2048-byte physical blocks
[ 56.687950] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
[ 56.687960] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 4f 00 00 00
[ 56.688242] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[ 56.699372] sdb: sdb1
[ 56.700399] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk
# lsusb -v -d 0bc2:ab24
Bus 004 Device 002: ID 0bc2:ab24 Seagate RSS LLC
Device Descriptor:
bLength 18
bDescriptorType 1
bcdUSB 3.00
bDeviceClass 0 (Defined at Interface level)
bDeviceSubClass 0
bDeviceProtocol 0
bMaxPacketSize0 9
idVendor 0x0bc2 Seagate RSS LLC
idProduct 0xab24
bcdDevice 1.00
iManufacturer 2 Seagate
iProduct 3 BUP Slim BK
iSerial 1 NA7K016V
bNumConfigurations 1
Configuration Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 2
wTotalLength 121
bNumInterfaces 1
bConfigurationValue 1
iConfiguration 0
bmAttributes 0x80
(Bus Powered)
MaxPower 36mA
Interface Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 4
bInterfaceNumber 0
bAlternateSetting 0
bNumEndpoints 2
bInterfaceClass 8 Mass Storage
bInterfaceSubClass 6 SCSI
bInterfaceProtocol 80 Bulk-Only
iInterface 0
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN
bmAttributes 2
Transfer Type Bulk
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0400 1x 1024 bytes
bInterval 0
bMaxBurst 15
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x02 EP 2 OUT
bmAttributes 2
Transfer Type Bulk
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0400 1x 1024 bytes
bInterval 0
bMaxBurst 15
Interface Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 4
bInterfaceNumber 0
bAlternateSetting 1
bNumEndpoints 4
bInterfaceClass 8 Mass Storage
bInterfaceSubClass 6 SCSI
bInterfaceProtocol 98
iInterface 0
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN
bmAttributes 2
Transfer Type Bulk
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0400 1x 1024 bytes
bInterval 0
bMaxBurst 15
MaxStreams 32
Data-in pipe (0x03)
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x02 EP 2 OUT
bmAttributes 2
Transfer Type Bulk
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0400 1x 1024 bytes
bInterval 0
bMaxBurst 15
MaxStreams 32
Data-out pipe (0x04)
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x83 EP 3 IN
bmAttributes 2
Transfer Type Bulk
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0400 1x 1024 bytes
bInterval 0
bMaxBurst 15
MaxStreams 32
Status pipe (0x02)
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x04 EP 4 OUT
bmAttributes 2
Transfer Type Bulk
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0400 1x 1024 bytes
bInterval 0
bMaxBurst 0
Command pipe (0x01)
Binary Object Store Descriptor:
bLength 5
bDescriptorType 15
wTotalLength 22
bNumDeviceCaps 2
USB 2.0 Extension Device Capability:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 16
bDevCapabilityType 2
bmAttributes 0x00000002
Link Power Management (LPM) Supported
SuperSpeed USB Device Capability:
bLength 10
bDescriptorType 16
bDevCapabilityType 3
bmAttributes 0x00
wSpeedsSupported 0x000e
Device can operate at Full Speed (12Mbps)
Device can operate at High Speed (480Mbps)
Device can operate at SuperSpeed (5Gbps)
bFunctionalitySupport 1
Lowest fully-functional device speed is Full Speed (12Mbps)
bU1DevExitLat 10 micro seconds
bU2DevExitLat 2047 micro seconds
Device Status: 0x000c
(Bus Powered)
U1 Enabled
U2 Enabled
udevadm de saída no initramfs e no sistema de trabalho (eles são praticamente os mesmos, as únicas diferenças estão em stat , iodone_cnt , ioerr_cnt , iorequest_cnt e urbnum ):
# udevadm info -a -p /sys/block/sdb on initramfs
Udevadm info starts with the device specified by the devpath and then
walks up the chain of parent devices. It prints for every device
found, all possible attributes in the udev rules key format.
A rule to match, can be composed by the attributes of the device
and the attributes from one single parent device.
looking at device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb4/4-2/4-2:1.0/host6/target6:0:0/6:0:0:0/block/sdb':
KERNEL=="sdb"
SUBSYSTEM=="block"
DRIVER==""
ATTR{alignment_offset}=="0"
ATTR{badblocks}==""
ATTR{capability}=="50"
ATTR{discard_alignment}=="0"
ATTR{events}==""
ATTR{events_async}==""
ATTR{events_poll_msecs}=="-1"
ATTR{ext_range}=="256"
ATTR{inflight}==" 0 0"
ATTR{range}=="16"
ATTR{removable}=="0"
ATTR{ro}=="0"
ATTR{size}=="1953525167"
ATTR{stat}==" 72 0 4254 232 0 0 0 0 0 136 232"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb4/4-2/4-2:1.0/host6/target6:0:0/6:0:0:0':
KERNELS=="6:0:0:0"
SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi"
DRIVERS=="sd"
ATTRS{device_blocked}=="0"
ATTRS{device_busy}=="0"
ATTRS{dh_state}=="detached"
ATTRS{eh_timeout}=="10"
ATTRS{evt_capacity_change_reported}=="0"
ATTRS{evt_inquiry_change_reported}=="0"
ATTRS{evt_lun_change_reported}=="0"
ATTRS{evt_media_change}=="0"
ATTRS{evt_mode_parameter_change_reported}=="0"
ATTRS{evt_soft_threshold_reached}=="0"
ATTRS{inquiry}==""
ATTRS{iocounterbits}=="32"
ATTRS{iodone_cnt}=="0x7a"
ATTRS{ioerr_cnt}=="0x8"
ATTRS{iorequest_cnt}=="0x7a"
ATTRS{model}=="BUP Slim BK "
ATTRS{queue_depth}=="30"
ATTRS{queue_type}=="simple"
ATTRS{rev}=="0302"
ATTRS{scsi_level}=="7"
ATTRS{state}=="running"
ATTRS{timeout}=="30"
ATTRS{type}=="0"
ATTRS{vendor}=="Seagate "
ATTRS{vpd_pg80}==""
ATTRS{vpd_pg83}==""
ATTRS{wwid}=="naa.5000000000000001"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb4/4-2/4-2:1.0/host6/target6:0:0':
KERNELS=="target6:0:0"
SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi"
DRIVERS==""
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb4/4-2/4-2:1.0/host6':
KERNELS=="host6"
SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi"
DRIVERS==""
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb4/4-2/4-2:1.0':
KERNELS=="4-2:1.0"
SUBSYSTEMS=="usb"
DRIVERS=="uas"
ATTRS{authorized}=="1"
ATTRS{bAlternateSetting}==" 1"
ATTRS{bInterfaceClass}=="08"
ATTRS{bInterfaceNumber}=="00"
ATTRS{bInterfaceProtocol}=="62"
ATTRS{bInterfaceSubClass}=="06"
ATTRS{bNumEndpoints}=="04"
ATTRS{supports_autosuspend}=="0"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb4/4-2':
KERNELS=="4-2"
SUBSYSTEMS=="usb"
DRIVERS=="usb"
ATTRS{authorized}=="1"
ATTRS{avoid_reset_quirk}=="0"
ATTRS{bConfigurationValue}=="1"
ATTRS{bDeviceClass}=="00"
ATTRS{bDeviceProtocol}=="00"
ATTRS{bDeviceSubClass}=="00"
ATTRS{bMaxPacketSize0}=="9"
ATTRS{bMaxPower}=="144mA"
ATTRS{bNumConfigurations}=="1"
ATTRS{bNumInterfaces}==" 1"
ATTRS{bcdDevice}=="0100"
ATTRS{bmAttributes}=="80"
ATTRS{busnum}=="4"
ATTRS{configuration}==""
ATTRS{devnum}=="2"
ATTRS{devpath}=="2"
ATTRS{idProduct}=="ab24"
ATTRS{idVendor}=="0bc2"
ATTRS{ltm_capable}=="no"
ATTRS{manufacturer}=="Seagate"
ATTRS{maxchild}=="0"
ATTRS{product}=="BUP Slim BK"
ATTRS{quirks}=="0x0"
ATTRS{removable}=="removable"
ATTRS{serial}=="NA7K016V"
ATTRS{speed}=="5000"
ATTRS{urbnum}=="371"
ATTRS{version}==" 3.00"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb4':
KERNELS=="usb4"
SUBSYSTEMS=="usb"
DRIVERS=="usb"
ATTRS{authorized}=="1"
ATTRS{authorized_default}=="1"
ATTRS{avoid_reset_quirk}=="0"
ATTRS{bConfigurationValue}=="1"
ATTRS{bDeviceClass}=="09"
ATTRS{bDeviceProtocol}=="03"
ATTRS{bDeviceSubClass}=="00"
ATTRS{bMaxPacketSize0}=="9"
ATTRS{bMaxPower}=="0mA"
ATTRS{bNumConfigurations}=="1"
ATTRS{bNumInterfaces}==" 1"
ATTRS{bcdDevice}=="0406"
ATTRS{bmAttributes}=="e0"
ATTRS{busnum}=="4"
ATTRS{configuration}==""
ATTRS{devnum}=="1"
ATTRS{devpath}=="0"
ATTRS{idProduct}=="0003"
ATTRS{idVendor}=="1d6b"
ATTRS{interface_authorized_default}=="1"
ATTRS{ltm_capable}=="no"
ATTRS{manufacturer}=="Linux 4.6.0-1-amd64 xhci-hcd"
ATTRS{maxchild}=="4"
ATTRS{product}=="xHCI Host Controller"
ATTRS{quirks}=="0x0"
ATTRS{removable}=="unknown"
ATTRS{serial}=="0000:00:14.0"
ATTRS{speed}=="5000"
ATTRS{urbnum}=="47"
ATTRS{version}==" 3.00"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0':
KERNELS=="0000:00:14.0"
SUBSYSTEMS=="pci"
DRIVERS=="xhci_hcd"
ATTRS{broken_parity_status}=="0"
ATTRS{class}=="0x0c0330"
ATTRS{consistent_dma_mask_bits}=="64"
ATTRS{d3cold_allowed}=="1"
ATTRS{device}=="0x1e31"
ATTRS{dma_mask_bits}=="64"
ATTRS{driver_override}=="(null)"
ATTRS{enable}=="1"
ATTRS{irq}=="29"
ATTRS{local_cpulist}=="0-3"
ATTRS{local_cpus}=="0f"
ATTRS{msi_bus}=="1"
ATTRS{numa_node}=="-1"
ATTRS{subsystem_device}=="0x1949"
ATTRS{subsystem_vendor}=="0x103c"
ATTRS{vendor}=="0x8086"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00':
KERNELS=="pci0000:00"
SUBSYSTEMS==""
DRIVERS==""
# udevadm info -a -p /sys/block/sdb on booted system
Udevadm info starts with the device specified by the devpath and then
walks up the chain of parent devices. It prints for every device
found, all possible attributes in the udev rules key format.
A rule to match, can be composed by the attributes of the device
and the attributes from one single parent device.
looking at device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb4/4-2/4-2:1.0/host6/target6:0:0/6:0:0:0/block/sdb':
KERNEL=="sdb"
SUBSYSTEM=="block"
DRIVER==""
ATTR{alignment_offset}=="0"
ATTR{badblocks}==""
ATTR{capability}=="50"
ATTR{discard_alignment}=="0"
ATTR{events}==""
ATTR{events_async}==""
ATTR{events_poll_msecs}=="-1"
ATTR{ext_range}=="256"
ATTR{inflight}==" 0 0"
ATTR{range}=="16"
ATTR{removable}=="0"
ATTR{ro}=="0"
ATTR{size}=="1953525167"
ATTR{stat}==" 72 0 4254 328 0 0 0 0 0 272 328"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb4/4-2/4-2:1.0/host6/target6:0:0/6:0:0:0':
KERNELS=="6:0:0:0"
SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi"
DRIVERS=="sd"
ATTRS{device_blocked}=="0"
ATTRS{device_busy}=="0"
ATTRS{dh_state}=="detached"
ATTRS{eh_timeout}=="10"
ATTRS{evt_capacity_change_reported}=="0"
ATTRS{evt_inquiry_change_reported}=="0"
ATTRS{evt_lun_change_reported}=="0"
ATTRS{evt_media_change}=="0"
ATTRS{evt_mode_parameter_change_reported}=="0"
ATTRS{evt_soft_threshold_reached}=="0"
ATTRS{inquiry}==""
ATTRS{iocounterbits}=="32"
ATTRS{iodone_cnt}=="0xd1"
ATTRS{ioerr_cnt}=="0x48"
ATTRS{iorequest_cnt}=="0xd1"
ATTRS{model}=="BUP Slim BK "
ATTRS{queue_depth}=="30"
ATTRS{queue_type}=="simple"
ATTRS{rev}=="0302"
ATTRS{scsi_level}=="7"
ATTRS{state}=="running"
ATTRS{timeout}=="30"
ATTRS{type}=="0"
ATTRS{vendor}=="Seagate "
ATTRS{vpd_pg80}==""
ATTRS{vpd_pg83}==""
ATTRS{wwid}=="naa.5000000000000001"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb4/4-2/4-2:1.0/host6/target6:0:0':
KERNELS=="target6:0:0"
SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi"
DRIVERS==""
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb4/4-2/4-2:1.0/host6':
KERNELS=="host6"
SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi"
DRIVERS==""
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb4/4-2/4-2:1.0':
KERNELS=="4-2:1.0"
SUBSYSTEMS=="usb"
DRIVERS=="uas"
ATTRS{authorized}=="1"
ATTRS{bAlternateSetting}==" 1"
ATTRS{bInterfaceClass}=="08"
ATTRS{bInterfaceNumber}=="00"
ATTRS{bInterfaceProtocol}=="62"
ATTRS{bInterfaceSubClass}=="06"
ATTRS{bNumEndpoints}=="04"
ATTRS{supports_autosuspend}=="0"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb4/4-2':
KERNELS=="4-2"
SUBSYSTEMS=="usb"
DRIVERS=="usb"
ATTRS{authorized}=="1"
ATTRS{avoid_reset_quirk}=="0"
ATTRS{bConfigurationValue}=="1"
ATTRS{bDeviceClass}=="00"
ATTRS{bDeviceProtocol}=="00"
ATTRS{bDeviceSubClass}=="00"
ATTRS{bMaxPacketSize0}=="9"
ATTRS{bMaxPower}=="144mA"
ATTRS{bNumConfigurations}=="1"
ATTRS{bNumInterfaces}==" 1"
ATTRS{bcdDevice}=="0100"
ATTRS{bmAttributes}=="80"
ATTRS{busnum}=="4"
ATTRS{configuration}==""
ATTRS{devnum}=="2"
ATTRS{devpath}=="2"
ATTRS{idProduct}=="ab24"
ATTRS{idVendor}=="0bc2"
ATTRS{ltm_capable}=="no"
ATTRS{manufacturer}=="Seagate"
ATTRS{maxchild}=="0"
ATTRS{product}=="BUP Slim BK"
ATTRS{quirks}=="0x0"
ATTRS{removable}=="removable"
ATTRS{serial}=="NA7K016V"
ATTRS{speed}=="5000"
ATTRS{urbnum}=="592"
ATTRS{version}==" 3.00"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb4':
KERNELS=="usb4"
SUBSYSTEMS=="usb"
DRIVERS=="usb"
ATTRS{authorized}=="1"
ATTRS{authorized_default}=="1"
ATTRS{avoid_reset_quirk}=="0"
ATTRS{bConfigurationValue}=="1"
ATTRS{bDeviceClass}=="09"
ATTRS{bDeviceProtocol}=="03"
ATTRS{bDeviceSubClass}=="00"
ATTRS{bMaxPacketSize0}=="9"
ATTRS{bMaxPower}=="0mA"
ATTRS{bNumConfigurations}=="1"
ATTRS{bNumInterfaces}==" 1"
ATTRS{bcdDevice}=="0406"
ATTRS{bmAttributes}=="e0"
ATTRS{busnum}=="4"
ATTRS{configuration}==""
ATTRS{devnum}=="1"
ATTRS{devpath}=="0"
ATTRS{idProduct}=="0003"
ATTRS{idVendor}=="1d6b"
ATTRS{interface_authorized_default}=="1"
ATTRS{ltm_capable}=="no"
ATTRS{manufacturer}=="Linux 4.6.0-1-amd64 xhci-hcd"
ATTRS{maxchild}=="4"
ATTRS{product}=="xHCI Host Controller"
ATTRS{quirks}=="0x0"
ATTRS{removable}=="unknown"
ATTRS{serial}=="0000:00:14.0"
ATTRS{speed}=="5000"
ATTRS{urbnum}=="47"
ATTRS{version}==" 3.00"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0':
KERNELS=="0000:00:14.0"
SUBSYSTEMS=="pci"
DRIVERS=="xhci_hcd"
ATTRS{broken_parity_status}=="0"
ATTRS{class}=="0x0c0330"
ATTRS{consistent_dma_mask_bits}=="64"
ATTRS{d3cold_allowed}=="1"
ATTRS{device}=="0x1e31"
ATTRS{dma_mask_bits}=="64"
ATTRS{driver_override}=="(null)"
ATTRS{enable}=="1"
ATTRS{irq}=="29"
ATTRS{local_cpulist}=="0-3"
ATTRS{local_cpus}=="0f"
ATTRS{msi_bus}=="1"
ATTRS{numa_node}=="-1"
ATTRS{subsystem_device}=="0x1949"
ATTRS{subsystem_vendor}=="0x103c"
ATTRS{vendor}=="0x8086"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00':
KERNELS=="pci0000:00"
SUBSYSTEMS==""
DRIVERS==""
# /etc/udev/udev.conf (the same on booted system and in initramfs)
# see udev.conf(5) for details
#
# udevd is started in the initramfs, so when this file is modified the
# initramfs should be rebuilt.
#udev_log="info"
Não importa se eu conecto o disco à porta USB 3 ou USB 2 no computador.
Os dispositivos USB2 conectados antes da inicialização do initramfs são reconhecidos e resolvidos corretamente. Eu não tenho nenhum outro dispositivo USB 3 para verificar se ele também seria afetado. No entanto, eu poderia tentar com este disco no computador do meu amigo (com o Ubuntu 16.04) - foi resolvido e disponível em /dev/ após o boot.
Não importa se eu gero o initramfs pelo initramfs-tools ou pelo dracut.
Como posso garantir que /dev/sdb* relacionado a este HDD esteja disponível no sistema totalmente inicializado, mesmo se o cabo estivesse conectado antes da inicialização?