ForeGround.
Assim como em outros internos bash, é help para isso:
$ help fg
fg: fg [job_spec]
Move job to the foreground.
Place the job identified by JOB_SPEC in the foreground, making it the
current job. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's notion of the
current job is used.
Exit Status:
Status of command placed in foreground, or failure if an error occurs.
$
Além disso, bg é BackGround e ^ z está na bash man page , sob Job Control:
If the operating system on which bash is running supports job control,
bash contains facilities to use it. Typing the suspend character (typ‐
ically ^Z, Control-Z) while a process is running causes that process to
be stopped and returns control to bash. Typing the delayed suspend
character (typically ^Y, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped
when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be
returned to bash. The user may then manipulate the state of this job,
using the bg command to continue it in the background, the fg command
to continue it in the foreground, or the kill command to kill it. A ^Z
takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of causing
pending output and typeahead to be discarded.