como obter o alinhamento ideal para a partição emmc?

Question

Temos uma placa customizada baseada em bbb contendo o eMMC.
E criamos partições da seguinte forma,

parted --script -a minimal /dev/mmcblk0 \
  mklabel gpt \
  mkpart primary 131072B 262143B \
  mkpart primary 262144B 393215B \
  mkpart primary 393216B 524287B \
  mkpart primary 524288B 1572863B \
  mkpart primary 1572864B 2621439B \ 
  mkpart primary 2621440B 3145727B \
  mkpart primary 3145728B 3276799B \ 
  mkpart primary 3276800B 8519679B \
  mkpart primary 8519680B 13762559B \
  mkpart primary 13762560B 19005439B \
  mkpart primary 19005440B 19267583B \
  mkpart primary 19267584B 19529727B \
  mkpart primary 19529728B 19791871B \
  mkpart primary 20MiB 31MiB \
  mkpart primary ext4 32MiB 232MiB \
  mkpart primary ext4 232MiB 432MiB \
  mkpart primary ext4 432MiB 532MiB \
  mkpart primary ext4 532MiB 592MiB \
  mkpart primary ext4 592MiB 792MiB \
  mkpart primary ext4 792MiB 827MiB \
  mkpart primary ext4 827MiB 3650MiB \

Com o comando acima, podemos particionar o eMMC, mas o alinhamento é definido como mínimo. Queríamos verificar como podemos alcançar o alinhamento ideal? Existe alguma vantagem em alcançar o alinhamento ideal? Eu mencionei este link, mas soluções como parted -a opt /dev/sdb mkpart primary 0% 100% não podem ser usadas, pois precisamos seguir a estrutura.

# parted --list
Model: MMC MMC04G (sd/mmc)
Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 3842MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name        Flags
 1      131kB   262kB   131kB                
 2      262kB   393kB   131kB                
 3      393kB   524kB   131kB                
 4      524kB   1573kB  1049kB               
 5      1573kB  2621kB  1049kB               
 6      2621kB  3146kB  524kB                
 7      3146kB  3277kB  131kB                
 8      3277kB  8520kB  5243kB               
 9      8520kB  13.8MB  5243kB               
10      13.8MB  19.0MB  5243kB               
11      19.0MB  19.3MB  262kB                
12      19.3MB  19.5MB  262kB                
13      19.5MB  19.8MB  262kB                
14      21.0MB  32.5MB  11.5MB               
15      33.6MB  243MB   210MB   ext4         
16      243MB   453MB   210MB   ext4         
17      453MB   558MB   105MB   ext4         
18      558MB   621MB   62.9MB  ext4         
19      621MB   830MB   210MB   ext4         
20      830MB   867MB   36.7MB  ext4         
21      867MB   3827MB  2960MB  ext4         

Com o comando atual, se substituirmos minimal por optimal , veremos as seguintes mensagens de parted,

Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.

Quaisquer ponteiros / sugestões / correções para alcançar o alinhamento ideal?

como sugerido nas this link eu extraí os seguintes valores,

# cat /sys/class/mmc_host/mmc1/mmc1\:0001/block/mmcblk0/queue/optimal_io_size
0
# cat /sys/class/mmc_host/mmc1/mmc1\:0001/block/mmcblk0/queue/minimum_io_size
512
# cat /sys/class/mmc_host/mmc1/mmc1\:0001/block/mmcblk0/alignment_offset
0
# cat /sys/class/mmc_host/mmc1/mmc1\:0001/block/mmcblk0/queue/physical_block_siz
e
512

Os utilitários mmc fornecem a seguinte saída,

# ./mmc extcsd read /dev/mmcblk0
=============================================
  Extended CSD rev 1.5 (MMC 4.41)
=============================================

Card Supported Command sets [S_CMD_SET: 0x01]
HPI Features [HPI_FEATURE: 0x03]: implementation based on CMD12
Background operations support [BKOPS_SUPPORT: 0x01]
Background operations status [BKOPS_STATUS: 0x02]
1st Initialisation Time after programmed sector [INI_TIMEOUT_AP: 0x7a]
Power class for 52MHz, DDR at 3.6V [PWR_CL_DDR_52_360: 0x00]
Power class for 52MHz, DDR at 1.95V [PWR_CL_DDR_52_195: 0x00]
Minimum Performance for 8bit at 52MHz in DDR mode:
 [MIN_PERF_DDR_W_8_52: 0x00]
 [MIN_PERF_DDR_R_8_52: 0x00]
TRIM Multiplier [TRIM_MULT: 0x06]
Secure Feature support [SEC_FEATURE_SUPPORT: 0x15]
Secure Erase Multiplier [SEC_ERASE_MULT: 0x02]
Secure TRIM Multiplier [SEC_TRIM_MULT: 0x03]
Boot Information [BOOT_INFO: 0x07]
 Device supports alternative boot method
 Device supports dual data rate during boot
 Device supports high speed timing during boot
Boot partition size [BOOT_SIZE_MULTI: 0x10]
Access size [ACC_SIZE: 0x06]
High-capacity erase unit size [HC_ERASE_GRP_SIZE: 0x08]
 i.e. 4096 KiB
High-capacity erase timeout [ERASE_TIMEOUT_MULT: 0x01]
Reliable write sector count [REL_WR_SEC_C: 0x01]
High-capacity W protect group size [HC_WP_GRP_SIZE: 0x01]
 i.e. 4096 KiB
Sleep current (VCC) [S_C_VCC: 0x08]
Sleep current (VCCQ) [S_C_VCCQ: 0x08]
Sleep/awake timeout [S_A_TIMEOUT: 0x10]
Sector Count [SEC_COUNT: 0x00728000]
 Device is block-addressed
Minimum Write Performance for 8bit:
 [MIN_PERF_W_8_52: 0x08]
 [MIN_PERF_R_8_52: 0x08]
 [MIN_PERF_W_8_26_4_52: 0x08]
 [MIN_PERF_R_8_26_4_52: 0x08]
Minimum Write Performance for 4bit:
 [MIN_PERF_W_4_26: 0x08]
 [MIN_PERF_R_4_26: 0x08]
Power classes registers:
 [PWR_CL_26_360: 0x00]
 [PWR_CL_52_360: 0x00]
 [PWR_CL_26_195: 0x00]
 [PWR_CL_52_195: 0x00]
Partition switching timing [PARTITION_SWITCH_TIME: 0x01]
Out-of-interrupt busy timing [OUT_OF_INTERRUPT_TIME: 0x02]
Card Type [CARD_TYPE: 0x07]
 HS Dual Data Rate eMMC @52MHz 1.8V or 3VI/O
 HS eMMC @52MHz - at rated device voltage(s)
 HS eMMC @26MHz - at rated device voltage(s)
CSD structure version [CSD_STRUCTURE: 0x02]
Command set [CMD_SET: 0x00]
Command set revision [CMD_SET_REV: 0x00]
Power class [POWER_CLASS: 0x00]
High-speed interface timing [HS_TIMING: 0x01]
Erased memory content [ERASED_MEM_CONT: 0x00]
Boot configuration bytes [PARTITION_CONFIG: 0x00]
 Not boot enable
 No access to boot partition
Boot config protection [BOOT_CONFIG_PROT: 0x00]
Boot bus Conditions [BOOT_BUS_CONDITIONS: 0x00]
High-density erase group definition [ERASE_GROUP_DEF: 0x01]
Boot write protection status registers [BOOT_WP_STATUS]: 0x00
Boot Area Write protection [BOOT_WP]: 0x00
 Power ro locking: possible
 Permanent ro locking: possible
 ro lock status: not locked
User area write protection register [USER_WP]: 0x00
FW configuration [FW_CONFIG]: 0x00
RPMB Size [RPMB_SIZE_MULT]: 0x01
Write reliability setting register [WR_REL_SET]: 0x00
 user area: existing data is at risk if a power failure occurs during a write operation
 partition 1: existing data is at risk if a power failure occurs during a write operation
 partition 2: existing data is at risk if a power failure occurs during a write operation
 partition 3: existing data is at risk if a power failure occurs during a write operation
 partition 4: existing data is at risk if a power failure occurs during a write operation
Write reliability parameter register [WR_REL_PARAM]: 0x05
 Device supports writing EXT_CSD_WR_REL_SET
 Device supports the enhanced def. of reliable write
Enable background operations handshake [BKOPS_EN]: 0x00
H/W reset function [RST_N_FUNCTION]: 0x00
HPI management [HPI_MGMT]: 0x01
Partitioning Support [PARTITIONING_SUPPORT]: 0x03
 Device support partitioning feature
 Device can have enhanced tech.
Max Enhanced Area Size [MAX_ENH_SIZE_MULT]: 0x0001ca
 i.e. 1875968 KiB
Partitions attribute [PARTITIONS_ATTRIBUTE]: 0x00
Partitioning Setting [PARTITION_SETTING_COMPLETED]: 0x00
 Device partition setting NOT complete
General Purpose Partition Size
 [GP_SIZE_MULT_4]: 0x000000
 [GP_SIZE_MULT_3]: 0x000000
 [GP_SIZE_MULT_2]: 0x000000
 [GP_SIZE_MULT_1]: 0x000000
Enhanced User Data Area Size [ENH_SIZE_MULT]: 0x000000
 i.e. 0 KiB
Enhanced User Data Start Address [ENH_START_ADDR]: 0x000000
 i.e. 0 bytes offset
Bad Block Management mode [SEC_BAD_BLK_MGMNT]: 0x00

EDIT : Alcançou o alinhamento ideal como sugerido por "Глеб Майоров", exceto a primeira 3 partição (que não posso alterar) outras partições pequenas são alteradas para um tamanho mínimo de 1MiB. E com exceção de 3 partições, todas as outras partições parecem estar alinhadas. Aqui está o script de particionamento mais recente que eu usei para o eMMC ( Por favor note : No script abaixo eu mudei o tamanho das partições para o script acima)

parted --script -a optimal /dev/mmcblk0 \
  mklabel gpt \
  mkpart primary 128KiB 255KiB \
  mkpart primary 256KiB 383KiB \
  mkpart primary 384KiB 511KiB \
  mkpart primary 1MiB 2MiB \
  mkpart primary 2MiB 3MiB \ 
  mkpart primary 3MiB 4MiB \
  mkpart primary 4MiB 5MiB \ 
  mkpart primary 5MiB 10MiB \
  mkpart primary 10MiB 15MiB \
  mkpart primary 15MiB 20MiB \
  mkpart primary 20MiB 21MiB \
  mkpart primary 21MiB 22MiB \
  mkpart primary 22MiB 23MiB \
  mkpart primary 23MiB 30MiB \
  mkpart primary ext4 30MiB 530MiB \
  mkpart primary ext4 530MiB 1030MiB \
  mkpart primary ext4 1030MiB 1130MiB \
  mkpart primary ext4 1130MiB 1190MiB \
  mkpart primary ext4 1190MiB 1720MiB \
  mkpart primary ext4 1720MiB 1755MiB \
  mkpart primary ext4 1755MiB 100%

    

Answer 1

Tente alinhar ao tamanho do bloco de eliminação de eMMC. Geralmente é igual a 0,5, 1, 2, 4, 8 MiB dependendo da folha de dados eMMC. Se você achar que o tamanho do bloco está se alinhando com muita perda de memória, então escolha o tamanho da página, geralmente encontrado no intervalo de 4.16 KiB.

Tente fazer tamanhos de partições e bordas de um múltiplo do tamanho do bloco de apagamento, assim quando o sistema de arquivos grava no primeiro ou último bloco FS, o cartão de memória não precisa apagar e reescrever o início / fim da partição anterior. / p>

Não confie nos recursos do parted para alinhar, apenas pegue uma calculadora, caneta e uma folha de papel e conte as bordas corretas em setores ou bytes.

Pessoalmente, prefiro alinhar a borda de 8 MiB, porque não é perder muita memória, e qualquer partição começa e termina na borda do bloco de apagamento, independentemente do tamanho específico do bloco de apagamento, por isso não preciso procurar por memória documentação do cartão.

O alinhamento ideal reduz o fator de amplificação de gravação, para que sua memória possa durar mais tempo.