No BASH você pode usar o return
embutido:
return [n]
Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by n. If n is omitted, the return status is that of the last command executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but during execution of a script by the . (source) command, it causes the shell to stop executing that script and return either n or the exit status of the last command executed within the script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a function and not during execution of a script by ., the return status is false. Any command associated with the RETURN trap is executed before execution resumes after the function or script.
Para outras camadas, pode funcionar de forma diferente, claro.
Se você puder reescrever o script principal como um loop, poderá usar a instrução break
com base no resultado do comando loop.