Como instalar a versão mais recente do firefox no Debian 9?

Question

Estou usando o Debian 9 e, em vez da versão ESR extremamente desatualizada do Firefox com essa distribuição, eu gostaria de sempre usar a versão mais recente do Firefox.

Assim, alterei meu arquivo /etc/apt/sources.list para o seguinte:

deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ stretch main
deb-src http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ stretch main

deb http://security.debian.org/ stretch/updates main contrib
deb-src http://security.debian.org/ stretch/updates main contrib

# jessie-updates, previously known as 'volatile'
deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib
deb-src http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib

deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ sid main
deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ sid main

Isso funcionou bem por um tempo. No entanto, agora estou recebendo a mensagem

The following packages have been kept back: firefox

sempre que executo o "aptitude upgrade firefox".

A execução do comando "aptitude dist-upgrade" fornece os seguintes resultados:

The following packages will be DOWNGRADED:
libc-bin libc-dev-bin libc-l10n libc6 libc6-dev locales 
The following packages will be upgraded:
firefox{b} 
1 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 6 downgraded, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

Need to get 51.2 MB of archives. After unpacking 12.0 MB will be freed.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
firefox : Depends: libc6 (>= 2.27) but 2.24-11+deb9u3 is to be installed
       Depends: zlib1g (>= 1:1.2.11.dfsg) but 1:1.2.8.dfsg-5 is installed
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:

 Keep the following packages at their current version:
 1)     firefox [59.0.2-1 (now)]                           
 2)     libc-bin [2.27-3 (now, unstable)]                  
 3)     libc-dev-bin [2.27-3 (now, unstable)]              
 4)     libc-l10n [2.27-3 (now, unstable)]                 
 5)     libc6 [2.27-3 (now, unstable)]                     
 6)     libc6-dev [2.27-3 (now, unstable)]                 
 7)     locales [2.27-3 (now, unstable)]                   
Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?]

Muito obrigado por qualquer sugestão que ajude a resolver este problema.

// Editar: A saída de "apt policy" é:

 100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
 release a=now
 500 https://riot.im/packages/debian stretch/main amd64 Packages
 release o=riot.im,a=testing,n=stretch,c=main,b=amd64
 origin riot.im
 2 http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian sid/main amd64 Packages
 release o=Debian,a=unstable,n=sid,l=Debian,c=main,b=amd64
 origin ftp.us.debian.org
 500 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian stretch-updates/main amd64 Packages
 release o=Debian,a=stable-updates,n=stretch updates,l=Debian,c=main,b=amd64
 origin ftp.de.debian.org
 1000 http://security.debian.org stretch/updates/contrib amd64 Packages
 release v=9,o=Debian,a=stable,n=stretch,l=Debian-Security,c=contrib,b=amd64
 origin security.debian.org
 1000 http://security.debian.org stretch/updates/main amd64 Packages
 release v=9,o=Debian,a=stable,n=stretch,l=Debian-Security,c=main,b=amd64
 origin security.debian.org
 1000 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian stretch/main amd64 Packages
 release v=9.4,o=Debian,a=stable,n=stretch,l=Debian,c=main,b=amd64
 origin ftp.de.debian.org
 Pinned packages:
 fontconfig-config -> 2.13.0-5 with priority 1001
 libfontconfig1 -> 2.13.0-5 with priority 1001
 libnss3 -> 2:3.37.1-1 with priority 1001
 firefox -> 60.0.1-5 with priority 1001

    

Answer 1

1) Corrigir o erro "Os seguintes pacotes foram mantidos de volta ...".

Edite seu sources.list da seguinte forma:

deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ stretch main
deb-src http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ stretch main

deb http://security.debian.org/ stretch/updates main 
deb-src http://security.debian.org/ stretch/updates main 


deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ stretch-updates main 
deb-src http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ stretch-updates main 

Removendo o URL do Sid que quebra o apt.

Crie (edite o conteúdo do arquivo existente) um arquivo /etc/apt/preferences com o seguinte conteúdo:

Pin: release a=stable
Pin-Priority: 1001

Package: *
Pin: release a=stable-updates
Pin-Priority: 1001

Package: *
Pin: release a=proposed-updates
Pin-Priority: 1001

Package: *
Pin: release o=Debian
Pin-Priority: -10

Em seguida, execute remover o Firefox e reinstalar suas dependências de estável:

apt update
apt purge --autoremove firefox
apt dist-upgrade

Alguns pacotes (talvez) precisam ser reinstalados manualmente através de:

apt --reinstall install package

Por favor, não use apt remove ou apt purge para removê-los.

2) Instalando o último firefox disponível no debian: De apt o pacote firefox é um pacote atualizado, mas a versão é 58.x (não é um pacote desatualizado)

Se você precisar instalar a versão mais recente, use snap , pois é uma maneira segura de instalar o pacote mais recente do firefox.

apt install snapd

Verifique as versões disponíveis:

snap find firefox:

exemplo de saída:

firefox  60.0-2   mozilla    -      Mozilla Firefox web browser

Instale firefox 60.0-2 :

snap install firefox