Por que a minha unidade de usuário do systemd não inicia na inicialização?

Question

Estou tentando criar uma unidade de usuário systemd e iniciá-lo quando o sistema for inicializado. O serviço é iniciado manualmente, mas não é iniciado na inicialização.

Pesquisando na Internet, aprendi que, para que as unidades do usuário iniciem na inicialização, eu supostamente preciso executar loginctl enable-linger <username> , mas isso parece não ter tido nenhum efeito. De fato, a página man diz:

       Enable/disable user lingering for one or more users. If enabled for
       a specific user, a user manager is spawned for the user at boot and
       kept around after logouts. This allows users who are not logged in
       to run long-running services.

Apesar de executar este comando, meu serviço não inicia na inicialização.

loginctl enable-linger error

A unidade:

$ cat ~/.config/systemd/user/thin\@.service
[Unit]
Description=A fast and very simple Ruby web server

[Service]
Type=simple
EnvironmentFile=/home/error/.config/thin/%i
ExecStart=/usr/bin/bash /home/error/.rvm/wrappers/%i/thin start -a $THIN_BIND -p $THIN_PORT
WorkingDirectory=/srv/www/%i
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Quando reinicializo, não está em execução:

$ systemctl --user status thin@redmine -l
● [email protected] - A fast and very simple Ruby web server
   Loaded: loaded (/home/error/.config/systemd/user/[email protected]; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)

# systemctl status user@1000 -l
● [email protected] - User Manager for UID 1000
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/[email protected]; static; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2015-12-23 19:43:27 GMT; 13s ago
 Main PID: 613 (systemd)
   Status: "Startup finished in 38ms."
   CGroup: /user.slice/user-1000.slice/[email protected]
           ├─613 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --user
           └─615 (sd-pam)                                                          

Dec 23 19:43:27 redmine systemd[613]: Reached target Sockets.
Dec 23 19:43:27 redmine systemd[613]: Starting Sockets.
Dec 23 19:43:27 redmine systemd[613]: Reached target Timers.
Dec 23 19:43:27 redmine systemd[613]: Starting Timers.
Dec 23 19:43:27 redmine systemd[613]: Reached target Basic System.
Dec 23 19:43:27 redmine systemd[613]: Starting Basic System.
Dec 23 19:43:27 redmine systemd[613]: Reached target Default.
Dec 23 19:43:27 redmine systemd[613]: Startup finished in 38ms.
Dec 23 19:43:27 redmine systemd[613]: Starting Default.
Dec 23 19:43:27 redmine systemd[1]: Started User Manager for UID 1000.

Eu posso iniciá-lo manualmente e funciona:

$ systemctl --user start thin@redmine
$ systemctl --user status thin@redmine -l
● [email protected] - A fast and very simple Ruby web server
   Loaded: loaded (/home/error/.config/systemd/user/[email protected]; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2015-12-23 19:43:50 GMT; 5s ago
 Main PID: 1265 (ruby)
   CGroup: /user.slice/user-1000.slice/[email protected]/thin.slice/[email protected]
           └─1265 ruby /home/error/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@redmine/bin/thin start -a ::1 -p 8008

Dec 23 19:43:50 redmine systemd[613]: Started A fast and very simple Ruby web server.
Dec 23 19:43:50 redmine systemd[613]: Starting A fast and very simple Ruby web server...
Dec 23 19:43:52 redmine bash[1265]: /home/error/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@redmine/gems/htmlentities-4.3.1/lib/htmlentities/mappings/expanded.rb:465: warning: duplicated key at line 466 ignored: "inodot"

# systemctl status user@1000 -l
● [email protected] - User Manager for UID 1000
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/[email protected]; static; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2015-12-23 19:43:27 GMT; 40s ago
 Main PID: 613 (systemd)
   Status: "Startup finished in 38ms."
   CGroup: /user.slice/user-1000.slice/[email protected]
           ├─613 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --user
           ├─615 (sd-pam)                                                       
           └─thin.slice
             └─[email protected]
               └─1265 ruby /home/error/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@redmine/bin/thin start -a ::1 -p 8008                                                               

Dec 23 19:43:27 redmine systemd[613]: Startup finished in 38ms.
Dec 23 19:43:27 redmine systemd[613]: Starting Default.
Dec 23 19:43:27 redmine systemd[1]: Started User Manager for UID 1000.
Dec 23 19:43:50 redmine systemd[613]: Created slice -.slice.
Dec 23 19:43:50 redmine systemd[613]: Starting -.slice.
Dec 23 19:43:50 redmine systemd[613]: Created slice thin.slice.
Dec 23 19:43:50 redmine systemd[613]: Starting thin.slice.
Dec 23 19:43:50 redmine systemd[613]: Started A fast and very simple Ruby web server.
Dec 23 19:43:50 redmine systemd[613]: Starting A fast and very simple Ruby web server...
Dec 23 19:43:52 redmine bash[1265]: /home/error/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@redmine/gems/htmlentities-4.3.1/lib/htmlentities/mappings/expanded.rb:465: warning: duplicated key at line 466 ignored: "inodot"

Como descubro por que este serviço não inicia na inicialização e o faz assim?

O sistema operacional é o Fedora 23 x86_64, systemd 222-10.

    

Answer 1

Figuras que eu descobriria sozinha.

A pista estava aqui, na saída do serviço do usuário:

Dec 23 19:43:27 redmine systemd[613]: Reached target Default.

Minha unidade estava pedindo para ser carregada com multi-user.target , mas não existe tal destino no sistema do usuário.

Alterei isso para default.target no arquivo de unidade, desabilitei e reativei o serviço e agora ele começa no momento da inicialização.

[Install]
WantedBy=default.target

e depois

$ systemctl --user disable thin@redmine
Removed symlink /home/error/.config/systemd/user/multi-user.target.wants/[email protected].
$ systemctl --user daemon-reload
$ systemctl --user enable thin@redmine
Created symlink from /home/error/.config/systemd/user/default.target.wants/[email protected] to /home/error/.config/systemd/user/[email protected].