De acordo com isso você não tem o pacote build-essentials
instalado. Você resolve isso apenas executando:
sudo apt-get install build-essential
Eu tentei executar seu código, mas fui atingido por outro problema devido a algumas dependências de cabeçalhos:
gcc gdal.c
In file included from gdal.c:3:0:
/usr/include/gdal/gdal_priv.h:38:1: error: unknown type name ‘class’
class GDALMajorObject;
^
/usr/include/gdal/gdal_priv.h:39:1: error: unknown type name ‘class’
class GDALDataset;
^
/usr/include/gdal/gdal_priv.h:40:1: error: unknown type name ‘class’
class GDALRasterBand;
^
/usr/include/gdal/gdal_priv.h:41:1: error: unknown type name ‘class’
class GDALDriver;
^
/usr/include/gdal/gdal_priv.h:42:1: error: unknown type name ‘class’
class GDALRasterAttributeTable;
^
/usr/include/gdal/gdal_priv.h:43:1: error: unknown type name ‘class’
class GDALProxyDataset;
^
/usr/include/gdal/gdal_priv.h:44:1: error: unknown type name ‘class’
class GDALProxyRasterBand;
^
/usr/include/gdal/gdal_priv.h:45:1: error: unknown type name ‘class’
class GDALAsyncReader;
^
In file included from gdal.c:3:0:
/usr/include/gdal/gdal_priv.h:59:18: fatal error: vector: No such file or directory
#include <vector>
^
compilation terminated.