man bash | grep -B1 -A10 ,,
${parameter,pattern}
${parameter,,pattern}
Case modification. This expansion modifies the case of alpha‐
betic characters in parameter. The pattern is expanded to pro‐
duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. Each character in
the expanded value of parameter is tested against pattern, and,
if it matches the pattern, its case is converted. The pattern
should not attempt to match more than one character. The ^
operator converts lowercase letters matching pattern to upper‐
case; the , operator converts matching uppercase letters to low‐
ercase. The ^^ and ,, expansions convert each matched character
in the expanded value; the ^ and , expansions match and convert
only the first character in the expanded value. If pattern is
omitted, it is treated like a ?, which matches every character.
If parameter is @ or *, the case modification operation is
applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion
is the resultant list. If parameter is an array variable sub‐
scripted with @ or *, the case modification operation is applied
to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the
resultant list.