dados:
cpetro01@<work_laptop> ~/Notes/test
$ ls
a.jpg a.txt b.mov b.txt c.jpg c.mov
faça:
$ find ./ -name "*.txt" -not -name "e.txt"
./a.txt
./b.txt
assim:
cpetro01@<work_laptop> ~/Notes/test
$ ls
a.jpg a.txt b.mov b.txt c.jpg c.mov e.txt
cpetro01@<work_laptop> ~/Notes/test
$ find ./ -name "*.txt" -not -name "e.txt" -exec rm {} \;
cpetro01@<work_laptop> ~/Notes/test
$ ls
a.jpg b.mov c.jpg c.mov e.txt
Assim?