Sim, usando o SSH X11-Redirection .
man ssh
tem isto a dizer sobre isso:
-X Enables X11 forwarding. This can also be specified on a per-host basis in a configuration file.
X11 forwarding should be enabled with caution. Users with the ability to bypass file permissions on the remote host (for the user's X authorization database) can access the local X11 display through the forwarded connection. An attacker may then be able to perform activities such as keystroke monitoring.
For this reason, X11 forwarding is subjected to X11 SECURITY extension restrictions by default. Please refer to the ssh -Y option and the ForwardX11Trusted directive in ssh_config(5) for more information.
Tente o seguinte:
ssh -X yourusername@yourhostname xclock
Se isso funcionar, você pode ter certeza de que o X11-Redirection funciona, dado que o xclock está disponível no sistema que você está acessando via X11.
Agora você pode simplesmente substituir xclock pelo comando do programa que deseja executar.