As fontes do repositório estavam erradas. Correção:
$ cat /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports oneiric main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports oneiric-updates main restricted universe multiverse
Eu fui enganado em pensar que old-releases
funcionaria, desde quando atualizou de 10.10 para 11.04:
$ cat /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu natty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu natty main restricted universe multiverse